The Battle of Savannah in the American Revolution

The Battle of Savannah was fought September 16 to October 18, 1779, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). In 1778, the British commander in chief in North America, Major General Sir Henry Clinton, began to shift the focus of the conflict to the southern colonies. This change in strategy was driven by a belief that Loyalist support in the region was significantly stronger than in the North and would facilitate its recapture. The campaign would be the second major British effort in the region as Clinton had attempted to capture Charleston, SC in June 1776, but had failed when Admiral Sir Peter Parkers naval forces were repulsed by fire from Colonel William Moultries men at Fort Sullivan. The first move of the new British campaign was the capture of Savannah, GA. To accomplish this,  Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell was dispatched south with a force of around 3,100 men.   Armies Commanders French American Major General Benjamin LincolnVice Admiral Comte dEstaing42 ships, 5,052 men British Brigadier General Augustine Prevost3,200 men Invading Georgia Reaching Georgia, Campbell was to be joined by a column moving north from St. Augustine led by Brigadier General Augustine Prevost. Landing at Girardeaus Plantation on December 29, Campbell brushed aside American forces. Pushing towards Savannah, he flanked and routed another American force and captured the city. Joined by Prevost in mid-January 1779, the two men began raiding the interior as well as mounted an expedition against Augusta. Establishing outposts in the region, Prevost also sought to recruit local Loyalists to the flag. Allied Movements Through the first half of 1779, Prevost and his American counterpart at Charleston, SC, Major General Benjamin Lincoln, conducted minor campaigns in the territory between the cities. Though eager to regain Savannah, Lincoln understood that the city could not be liberated without naval support. Utilizing their alliance with France, the American leadership was able to persuade Vice Admiral Comte dEstaing to bring a fleet north later that year. Completing a campaign in the Caribbean which saw him capture St. Vincent and Grenada, dEstaing sailed for Savannah with 25 ships of the line and around 4,000 infantry. Receiving word of dEstaings intentions on September 3, Lincoln commenced making plans to march south as part of a joint operation against Savannah. The Allies Arrive In support of the French fleet, Lincoln departed Charleston on September 11 with around 2,000 men. Caught off guard by the appearance of French ships off Tybee Island, Prevost directed Captain James Moncrief to enhance Savannahs fortifications. Utilizing African American slave labor, Moncrief constructed an array of earthworks and redoubts on the outskirts of the city. These were reinforced with guns taken from HMS Fowey (24 guns) and HMS Rose (20). On September 12, dEstaing began landing around 3,500 men at Beaulieus Plantation on the Vernon River. Marching north to Savannah, he contacted Prevost, he demanded that he surrender the city. Playing for time, Prevost requested and was granted a 24-hour truce to consider his situation. During this time, he recalled Colonel John Maitlands troops at Beaufort, SC to reinforce the garrison. The Siege Begins Incorrectly believing that Lincolns approaching column would deal with Maitland, dEstaing made no effort to guard the route from Hilton Head Island to Savannah. As a result, no American or French troops blocked Maitlands route and he reached the city safely before the truce ended. With his arrival, Prevost formally declined to surrender. On September 23, dEstaing and Lincoln began siege operations against Savannah. Landing artillery from the fleet, French forces commenced a bombardment on October 3. This proved largely ineffective as its brunt fell on the city rather than the British fortifications. Though standard siege operations most likely would have ended in victory, dEstaing became impatient as he was concerned about hurricane season and an increase in scurvy and dysentery in the fleet. A Bloody Failure Despite protests from his subordinates, dEstaing approached Lincoln regarding assaulting the British lines. Dependent on the French admirals ships and men for continuing the operation, Lincoln was forced to agree. For the assault, dEstaing planned to have Brigadier General Isaac Huger make a feint against the southeastern part of the British defenses while the bulk of the army struck further west. The focus of the assault was to be the Spring Hill redoubt which he believed to be manned by Loyalist militia. Unfortunately, a deserter informed Prevost of this and the British commander moved veteran forces to the area. Advancing just after dawn on October 9, Hugers men were bogged down and failed to create a meaningful diversion. At Spring Hill, one of the allied columns became mired in a swamp to the west and was forced to turn back. As a result, the assault lacked its intended force. Surging forward, the first wave met heavy British fire and took significant losses. In the course of the fighting, dEstaing was hit twice and American cavalry commander Count Casimir Pulaski was mortally wounded. The second wave of French and American troops had more success and some, including those led by Lieutenant Colonel Francis Marion, reached the top of the wall. In fierce fighting, the British succeeded in driving the attackers back while inflicting heavy casualties. Unable to break through, French and American troops fell back after an hour of fighting. Regrouping, Lincoln later desired to attempt another assault but was overruled by dEstaing. Aftermath Allied losses at the Battle of Savannah numbered 244 killed, 584 wounded, and 120 captured, while Provosts command suffered 40 killed, 63 wounded, and 52 missing. Though Lincoln pressed to continue the siege, dEstaing was unwilling to further risk his fleet. On October 18, the siege was abandoned and dEstaing departed the area. With the French departure, Lincoln retreated back to Charleston with his army. The defeat was a blow to the newly established alliance and greatly encouraged the British in furthering their southern strategy. Sailing south the following spring, Clinton laid siege to Charleston in March. Unable to break out and with no relief expected, Lincoln was compelled to surrender his army and the city that May.

The Importance Of Creativity Within Classroom Instruction...

This article helped me to understand the importance of including creativity within classroom instruction and the author did an excellent job at describing one way to do so. The author was all about using the inquiry based learning. The author explained this type of learning in a way that I could see myself using it within my classroom. Although the author is an advocate for using inquiry learning within science classes I could see myself using this type of learning within other areas of instruction as well. If I would use inquiry based learning within language arts or math it would still encourage creativity because the students would still be taking responsibility for their own learning. Additionally, this article explains in detail the history and use for standardized testing. The idea of these tests have hindered the use of creativity within the classrooms a substantial amount. The author argues that this is a great problem within today’s education because the teachers are no longer including creative instruction but rather the teachers are teaching to the test to the students score high because teacher’s jobs are at risk if students do not show great growth within the achievement gap. This is why the author suggests teaching with an inquiry approach. By using an inquiry approach within the classroom the teacher can still include preparation for the standardized tests but the students are still being creative with their findings and problem solving more on their own. TheShow MoreRelatedMy Role As An Educator1218 Words   |  5 Pagespromote their social well-being, and encourage full development. This will be done by promoting learning through group and individual work, managing my classroom, creating a community within the classroom and school, and accepting while also incorporating diversity. 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Nick s Grill Live Music Concert Essay Example For Students

Nick s Grill Live Music Concert Essay One section of the restaurant has big wooden booths and tables filling the dining area and a very large wooden bar fills p the other section of the restaurant. The restaurant has an ambient light-like feel as it is a little darker than most restaurants when going inside. The walls are scattered with random paintings as well. All these aspects of the performance setting came together to give a very similar atmosphere to the Renville Spoon; it was very relaxed and modest. Most people at the restaurant did not come for the performance but for food so there was not a lot of attention or anticipation drawn to the performance. The performance happened late on a Saturday night right after a fresh nonfatal. The performance setting was a clear floor section up near one of the large windows separating the restaurant section. Anyone who walks down the sidewalk past the restaurant can hear and feel the music before even passing by the window. The band consisted of one of my cousins on the drums, another on the bass, and my uncle on the guitar/vocals. While the music performance space was small it was still a great setting in a very relaxed atmosphere. The music performed was always a cover of more popular songs with a few thrown in personal favorites from the band members. The musical structure of these varied greatly from song to song but almost all of them were polyphonic with the exception of solo parts. The tempo and volume of the performance also varied greatly from song to song. I was able to pick out a few songs I knew such as Tom Pietys Free Falling. The order of songs played was fairly random and did not fit into any sort of theme besides maybe classic rock and folk. Overall, the music structures varied greatly from cover song to cover song but most were typical with classic rock or folk songs. The communication amongst performers was generally very little. They had a set list of songs they followed to and each song would usually be cued with an audible countdown to the beginning of the song. After some songs they would complement each other on how well they played as well. I did get to ask them if there are any cues they use that I perhaps did not spot and they said they Just have the initial countdown cue and thats about it. They said that they have practiced enough that it just sort of comes to them naturally after practicing for so long. Overall, there was not much communication amongst the performers as they have practiced quite a bit and he music Just flows through them. The audience response was very similar to the Renville Spoon. Most audience members would actively watch the performers before their food came out but once it did all attention was drawn to their meal. Also, most audience members would clap or whistle after every song as a show of appreciation. Sometimes in-between songs or during breaks some audience Nick s Grill Live Music Concert By Mudstone would talk about and it was Just general chit chat about how long they have been playing and where they are from. I also asked if they expect much from the audience engine as it is a restaurant setting and they said all they expect is some clapping after each song. Overall, there was not much audience response as it was a seated restaurant and most audience members Just came to eat some good food much like the Renville Spoon. In conclusion, my experience at Nicks grill was great escape especially right before finials week. I had a decently sized burger on a pretzel bun with fries and it was delicious. The service at the restaurant was top notch and the food came out pretty quick as well. I definitely plan on going again sometime over winter break after he hell known as finals week. .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 , .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 .postImageUrl , .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 , .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6:hover , .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6:visited , .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6:active { border:0!important; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6:active , .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6 .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue87b651cedceb92e16fc0be2df11a2e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How music effects excercise EssayThe performance by my cousins and uncle was also great and I had no idea they could play so well. They played a wide variety of songs with a great range of musical style and structure. Some of those songs included some great classic rock and folk songs that they had nailed down pretty well. The audience response was on the lacking side as it was a restaurant, but there were many rounds of applause between each song played. I hope to go back again sometime in the near future and see some more live music with a great meal.

Karen and her friends Essay Example

Karen and her friends Essay Karen and her friends were sitting in the local park discussing their futures, as one of them was in mid sentence a rather nice lad walked past. Mm not bad Id say 9, if he cuts his hair a little. Nicki said whilst drooling over a lad passing. 9 are you crazy, more like 10 hes hot, proclaimed Karen. You two are so sad, Steph bitched. We will write a custom essay sample on Karen and her friends specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Karen and her friends specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Karen and her friends specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Oh shut up screamed Lisa. Im going to talk to him, Karen said very full of her self. She got up and started walking towards the lad who looked as if he was Italian, he had dark brown hair and big brown eyes he had the facial structures of Brad Pitt but the voice of an Italian version of the rapper LL Cool J, he was wearing a stylish pair of jeans and jumper with a rather peculiar symbol attached to a necklace. Karen on the other hand was medium height, athletic build and very argumentative when it comes to her personal life, she is the kind of person youd find on the Jerry Springer Show The lad was sitting on the next bench from the girls. Karen approached the lad as though she had known him forever. Well hello. said Karen. Um, hi. he replied. So where are you from. asked Karen. Italy Ive just moved down here and thought Id take a walk and do a little sight seeing. On your own. I dont really know any one yet. Ok, so whats your name? Andrew, you? Karen. They talked for a while and arranged to meet each other later, said their good byes and went in opposite directions. Karen went towards her friends and Andrew went towards his grandmother who was sitting in the car at the end of the park. So, spill Yeh come-on, details! The girls snapped. Well I got his number if thats what you wanted to know replied Karen with a cheeky grin on her face. Oooooooooo, That it! Steph said in a nasty tone. No we have arranged to meet later, which reminds me I gotta change. Karen said whilst grabbing her bag. Ill give ya a bell later ok! After a minute or so the rest of the girls went home. Karen went home and freshened up a little, put on the smallest top and skirt she owned, it wasnt far off 9:30 and the night was so romantic the sky full of stars and not a soul in sight. Karen walked through the town and towards the park where she was meeting Andrew, she looked at the swings and saw him, he turned, caught a glimpse of Karen and smiled. They said their hellos and went for a nice romantic walk. They sat under an old oak tree on the south side of the park looking up at the stars, they were talking about their futures and what they wanted in life, when suddenly an old women emerged from behind an other tree, screaming some foreign language, Weder sonefrad burken! she mumbled. Oh my God! Karen screamed a meter up in the air. The old lady just looked at Karen and Andrew like she was a stray dog and they were food, she had an old walking stick with Italian blood in small print on the side, She had long plaited grey hair with big brown eyes somewhat similar to Andrews; she was a little woman and had a rather peculiar collection of jewellery and was wearing a Versace dress. She took a long look of Karen then Andrew and ran away. Weirdo. said Andrew. Scary, I wonder why she was on her own, and on the south side as well no-one comes over here on their own. said Karen in a curious way. And why was she shouting remember, please in Italian. After a few minutes of looking around they sat back down and carried on there conversation. Hours past and it was now around 11pm and was getting a little nippy. Karen told Andrew she had to go home so they walked hand in hand. They walked through the town when Andrew heard something. They stood in silence and heard light little footsteps coming from behind them. Hello Andrew shouted in a shaky voice. No answer just silence. They carried on walking and he heard it again. Karen turned and looked at a bunch of old boxes she saw a shadow, that looked a bit like the old women, in the speed of a blink the old women came from behind the boxes and repeated, Werder sonefrad burken. Why are you following us, what do you want. said Andrew angrily. She just looked at them it was as if she was in a trance, lost in her own mind and thoughts. Andrew reached into his pocket and brought out what change he had in there and handed it to the women then walked away, but Karen didnt move she just stood and looked into the old womans eyes she could see them filling up with water and a few pure tears falling of her soft cheeks, Are you alright? whispered Karen. More tears ran down her face, she then ran away. That night Karen couldnt sleep all she thought about was who was that women, why was she following her and why she was crying. She got up of her bed and looked out of the window, she felt something, something she had felt before, but it wasnt a picture it was a feeling, she thought and thought where had she felt it before then she remembered and pictured what she had seen when she was looking into that womans eyes, it was heart broken and loneliness, it made her think even more about that women, she had all these questions but no answers. The sun rose and she had been thinking about her all night, Karen went down stairs picked up the phone and phoned Nicki to tell her about her date. Hiya. she said. Well, how was it. Nicki asked. Weird, we were talking and this old women came running at us. What, who was she? Thats the thing I dont know, but she looked at me as if she knew me, Nicki I could see right through her I felt what she felt it was horrible. Karen replied rather emotionally. Hold on Ill be there now. Nicki rushed over to Karens. When she got there all they did was talk about what happened, they were both confused but more curious about who she was. After a long conversation they went down to meet the others and tell them. They where all lost in their minds and thoughts, who she was? Was she a reporter or just a tramp looking for friends? No one knew, she was a mystery. Later that day Karen met up with Andrew again, he didnt seem to care about what happened the night before, so they didnt talk about it that much. It was around 10am on Saturday, it was among the hottest days they have ever had in Holyhead, and every one was either at the beach or in the swimming pool. So Karen and Andrew decided they would join every one and got to the beach. Hey! shouted Karen to all her girlfriends who were already at the beach. The temperature was rising, and more people arrived at the beach, Karen lay out her towel in her usual spot and asked Claire to put cream on her shoulders, Claire was a bit late putting on cream her face had burned real bad, she was the bossy one out of them all, she has red with a hint of brown hair with green eyes, she is very tall and looks like a younger version of Jennifer Lopez. Andrew was in the water fighting with Nicki, Steph and Kerry who hardly ever leaves her mothers side, so it was a miracle to see her at the beach. Karen lay on her back for a while to catch a tan on her front but looked up towards the hills and saw the old women, she doesnt hesitate to go and talk to her, she runs up the hills and walks up to the women and asked, Are you lost, or hurt, please Ill help? She didnt reply, just looked Karen straight in the eyes, opened her mouth slowly to release the words, Heeellllllppp! She stuttered but still tried, she didnt know much English but that didnt stop her. What do you need help for, are you hurt or in trouble? Karen asked. She didnt say anymore. Her mouth closed. Her eyes filled up with tears. Her head went down. She was like a child who had done something wrong but Karen sensed that she didnt do anything wrong but wanted something put right. Karen looked at the woman and put her head down she then muttered to herself, Please let me help her, she is lost, please. She turned around and started to walk away but the old lady put her small, bruised hands on Karens shoulder and said, Mm..Yyyyy baabbby! Your baby? Where? She pointed down at Andrew, who at the time is looking for Karen, Andrew? said Karen confused The old women just looked at Karen. Then at Andrew. And ran over the hills. No way! thought Karen. She walked down to the beach again; she looked at Andrew and started questioning herself, could it be true? Andrew. Yeh Karen. Can I ask you a personal question? Sure. Where are your parents? Andrew looked at Karen In a weird way as if to say whats it to you or its my business, but he didnt say anything, he was silent for a few seconds, then he said, My father died when I was 3 and my mother He paused; it looked like he was also questioning himself, Ive never heard nor seen my mother, she left when I was a baby, I can remember her saying something to me when I was upset, thats all I remember. Why do you ask? No reason. There was a silence and a lot of tension surrounded them, Karen gave Andrew a smile so he went back into the water. Later that day Karen had a thought, so she put on her trainers and headed down town to the police station looking for answers. She gave a full description of the woman; the policeman that was helping Karen was a young man, in his 20s, tall, and very polite. He posted the description of the woman and waited for a reply, days went by and still nothing until a young lad only a teenager phoned the policeman and told him that he had seen the old lady hanging around an old shed, he thought maybe she lived there, Karen was relieved to hear something so she rushed to where the boy said. It was an old rusty, damp shed; it had Dream catchers around the door and a ripped welcome mat. Karen looked inside the windows but didnt see anything. She went round to the side of the shed and saw a door, as she went in the door and old floorboards started creaking, the next minute the old woman came out she still has the look of loneliness and being lost, Are you okay? Karen asked politely, She just looked. Your baby, is he or she here? she asked again. Little shake of the head but still no answer, Karen took out a picture of Andrew and showed the old woman, the look on her face was like some one had just answered her prayers, she took the photo and started to cry. Karen looked around and on a broken table by her bed was a snapped leather band with the same symbol as the one on Andrews necklace, Karen thought again, it couldnt be it just ran through her mind until she thought if it was true and this was his mother, but how would he know that she was real, suddenly her answer was spoken, Werder sonefrad de The woman answered like she knew what Karen was thinking. Like she could read her thoughts. Karen couldnt wait another second she asked the woman to go with her, not even knowing if she understood what she was saying but she still went, the policeman took them to where Andrew was staying, Karen ran so fast up those stairs she didnt even take a breath, Andrew, Andrew! screamed Karen. What? he replied I have something to show you, come bring your necklace. Why my necklace He didnt even have time to finish the question, Karen had dragged him down the stairs and towards the car, he looked inside and thought why have they brought her here? Look at the necklace, Andrew look! Andrew looked at the necklace but was still confused, when suddenly the woman repeated, Werder sonefrad de. NO! His eyes started to fill up like a waterfall with tears as she got out of the car. He looked at her and she looked back, he started saying why in Italian, maybe to say why did it take so long to find you or why did you leave, who knows, but he turned to Karen and looked at her with the look of happiness and said,

Juvenile Incarceration Linked to More Crime

Juvenile Incarceration Linked to More Crime Juvenile offenders who are incarcerated for their crimes are more likely to have significantly worse outcomes in their life than youngsters who commit the same crimes, but receive some other form of punishment and are not incarcerated. A study of 35,000 Chicago juvenile offenders over a 10-year period by economists at the M.I.T. Sloan School of Management found substantial differences in outcomes between kids who were incarcerated and those who were not sent to detention. Those who were incarcerated were much less likely to graduate from high school and much more likely to wind up in prison as adults. A Deterrent to Crime? One might think that it would be a logical conclusion that teens who commit crimes bad enough to be incarcerated for will naturally be more likely to drop out of school and wind up in adult prison, but the MIT study compared those juveniles with others who committed the same crimes but happened to draw a judge who was less likely to send them to detention. Approximately 130,000 juveniles are incarcerated in the United States each year with an estimated 70,000 of them in detention on any given day. The MIT researchers wanted to determine if jailing juvenile offenders actually deterred future crime or it disrupted the childs life in such a way that it increases the likelihood of future crime. In the juvenile justice system, there are judges who tend to hand out sentences that include incarceration and there are judges who tend to mete out punishment that doesnt include actual incarceration. In Chicago, juvenile cases are randomly assigned to judge with different sentencing tendencies. The researchers, using a database created by the Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago looked at cases in which judges had wide latitude in determining sentencing. More Likely to End Up in Prison The system of randomly assigning cases to judges with different approaches to sentencing set up a natural experiment for the researchers. They found that juveniles who were incarcerated were less likely to return to high school and graduate. The graduation rate was 13% lower for those who were jailed than offenders who were not incarcerated. They also found that those who were incarcerated were 23% more likely to end up in prison as adults and more likely to have committed a violent crime. Teen offenders, especially those around age 16, were not only less likely to graduate from high school if they had been incarcerated, but they were also less likely to return to school at all. Less Likely to Return to School The researchers found that incarceration proved to be so disruptive in the juveniles lives, many dont return to school afterward and those who do go back to school are much more likely to be classified as having an emotional or behavior disorder, compared with those who committed the very same crimes, but werent jailed. The kids who go to juvenile detention are very unlikely to go back to school at all, said MIT economist Joseph Doyle in a news release. Getting to know other kids in trouble may create social networks that might not be desirable. There could be a stigma attached to it, maybe you think youre particularly problematic, so that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. The authors want to see their research duplicated in other jurisdictions to see if the results hold up, but the conclusions of this one study seem to indicate that incarcerating juveniles does not act as a deterrent to crime, but actually has the opposite effect. Source: Aizer, A, et al. Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges. Quarterly Journal of Economics February 2015.

Definition and Examples of Relative Pronouns in English

Definition and Examples of Relative Pronouns in English In English grammar, a relative pronoun is a  pronoun that introduces an adjective clause (also called a relative clause).   The standard relative pronouns in English are which, that, who, whom, and whose. Who and whom refer only to people. Which refers to things, qualities, and ideas- never to people. That and whose refer to people, things, qualities, and ideas. Examples and Observations One of the smaller girls did a kind of puppet dance while her fellow clowns laughed at her. But the tall one, who was almost a woman, said something very quietly, which I couldnt hear. (Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969)Spaghetti at her table, which was offered at least three times a week, was a mysterious red, white, and brown concoction. (Maya Angelou, Mom Me Mom, 2013)Wilbur was what farmers call a spring pig, which simply means that he was born in springtime.(E.B. White, Charlottes Web, 1952)On the plus side, death is one of the few things that can be done just as easily lying down. (Woody Allen, The Early Essays. Without Feathers, 1975)An atheist is a man who has no invisible means of support.(attributed to John Buchan)[T]o hurt innocent people whom I knew many years ago in order to save myself is, to me, inhuman and indecent and dishonorable. I cannot and will not cut my conscience to fit this years fashions.(Lillian Hellman, letter to the chair of the U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities, May 19, 1952) He was a Frenchman, a melancholy-looking man. He had the appearance of one who has searched for the leak in lifes gas-pipe with a lighted candle; of one whom the clenched fist of Fate has smitten beneath the temperamental third waistcoat-button.(P. G. Wodehouse, The Man Who Disliked Cats)The people who had it hardest during the first few months were young couples, many of whom had married just before the evacuation began, in order not to be separated and sent to different camps. . . . All they had to use for room dividers were those army blankets, two of which were barely enough to keep one person warm. They argued over whose blanket should be sacrificed and later argued about noise at night.(Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston, Farewell to Manzanar, 1973)In the office in which I work there are five people of whom I am afraid.(Joseph Heller, Something Happened, 1974)Never play cards with a man called Doc. Never eat at a place called Moms. Never sleep with a woman whose trou bles are worse than your own.(Nelson Algren, quoted in Newsweek, July 2, 1956) Franz Ferdinand would have gone from Sarajevo untouched had it not been for the actions of his staff, who by blunder after blunder contrived that his car should be slowed down and that he should be presented as a stationary target in front of Princip, the one conspirator of real and mature deliberation, who had finished his cup of coffee and was walking back through the streets, aghast at the failure of himself and his friends, which would expose the country to terrible punishment without having inflicted any loss on authority.(Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey Through Yugoslavia. Viking, 1941) That and Which in American English Interestingly enough, American usage manuals and US editorial practice for almost a century now have been based on the fiction that a clear functional separation between that and which should exist- which is either an interesting case of a collective illusion taking hold among educated members of a speech community or a  modern-day revival of the 18th-century impulse to bring natural language into line with logic and thus remove its perceived defects. Whatever its motivation, prescriptive teaching, in this case, has not been without effect: a comparison between British and American databases . . . shows restrictive which to be seriously under-represented in American English in comparison to British English.(Geoffrey Leech, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair, and Nicholas Smith, Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge University Press, 2012) Who, Which, That, and the Zero Relativizer Three relative pronouns stand out as being particularly common in English: who, which, and that. The zero relativizer [or dropped relative pronoun] is also relatively common. However, . . . the relative pronouns are used in very different ways across registers. For example: In general, the relative pronouns that begin with the letters wh- are considered to be more literate. In contrast, the pronoun that and the zero relativizer have a more colloquial flavor and are preferred in conversation.(Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech, Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Pearson, 2002) That and zero are the preferred choices in conversation, although relative clauses are generally rare in that register.Fiction is similar to conversation in its preference for that.In contrast, news shows a much stronger preference for which and who, and academic prose strongly prefers which.

Melation and Aging Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Melation and Aging - Research Paper Example The level increases up to optimum when we are youths and latter starts declining. Many theories such as that from Hajak et al. (2003) have been put forward to explain the relationship between aging process and melatonin but none has explicitly explained the connection. This paper will explore some of the major issues involved in the hypothesis that melatonin can prolong and bring back the youthful memories. But in my findings, melatonin is just but a drug which can boost the melatonin hormone level in our body but not able prolonging or supplementing age. Introduction Melatonin is a hormone secreted in the brain from the amino acid tryptophan within the pineal. It is a naturally occurring compound and found in animals, human beings, plants and microbes. It was discovered in 1958 by Aaron Lerner and his colleagues. It is also called hormone of darkness simply because it is produced in darkness, highest percentage produced during night hours at bed side. It aging on the other hand mean s or it refers to post-maturational process that leads to decrease in homeostasis and increased vulnerability of the organism more so diseases. There has been close study on the relationship between the melatonin and the aging whether it improves or not. Zhdanova et al. (2006) claim that melatonin percentage in the body decreases as we grow old and their claims are just based on mere observation that older people do sleep less compared to younger ones. Their study also has explored other functions of melatonin not only the hypothesis but also what they termed as â€Å"a supplement to the aging but as a medicine to boost sleeping in aged people and also as treatment in† (pp. 899–907). Melatonin and Aging People all over the world wish to remain youthful and the issue of aging brings many problems and any solution to it will be gladly welcomed. Dollins et al. (2006) agree that theories and speculations relating melatonin and aging have been put forward but none of them h ave fully or clearly given their relationship. This compound no doubt is very vital in human life and one of study in the university of Granada, Spain carried out by Stone (2005) has proved that melatonin assist in controlling weight gain, also improves the blood lipids profile by reduction in triglycerides which increases level of good cholesterol HDL and at the same time lowering negative cholesterol called LDL. The general levels of melatonin vary greatly throughout one’s life span. The first time melatonin is created is when a child is three months old and that is when most people start to sleep. There is a rapid increase in the level and it peaks between the age of three and four years of age, this level fall back to a plateau and it remains constant throughout adulthood. The level starts to decline as we age up. The graph below shows circadian profiles of serum melatonin concentrations in human at various ages. Areas marked with black indicate period of darkness. By the time we are approaching seventies, the melatonin level decreases in our body to about a quarter of the original normal level when compared with time when one is young. It is thought that the drop may be associated with calcification of the pineal gland as we age

African American Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

African American - Research Paper Example In response to that issue, a number of things were done such as the enactment of laws that prohibited the exclusion of African Americans from a number of important things. The constitution was amended to prohibit the state and national government from denying the United States citizens their right of voting on the account of color, race or earlier situations of servitude (Cross 6). This period is referred to as the progressive reforms. The spirit of reform got strength in the late 1800s and progressed in the early 1900s. The reformers also called progressives had confidence in their capability to enhance the quality of life and the government. In unit 2, the African Americans faced discrimination both in the South and North. Although they were officially free, the African Americans were out rightly deprived of their basic rights and they were restricted to citizenship of the order second class. The period also witnessed the rebirth of Ku Klux Klan in Georgia in 1915; Ku Klux Klan terrorized the African Americans during the Reconstruction. The new Klan wanted to reinstate the white Protestant America (Adams 630). In response to discrimination, the African Americans started fighting for equal opportunities. They were joined by other minorities who assisted the African Americans to battle for their own opportunities and justice. The African Americans had the quest to achieve equality and thus rose to the challenge of accomplishing it (Adams 631). The outcome of the fight was the development of a number of associations and organizations and success in a number of professional fields (Adams 632). In unit 3, the African Americans lived free of oppression and the period is referred to as the Great Migration. The social challenge at that time was the racial discrimination. Majority of the African Americans lived in the South and a bigger percentage of them worked in agriculture. In the

The Psychology Of Writing Essay Example for Free

The Psychology Of Writing Essay In September 2004, I embarked upon a career opportunity that – I believed – was beyond my reach and capabilities.   It was for the well-being of my family that I accepted the challenge.   Almost immediately after starting the work, I was assigned a task that I truly believed I would fail at: it was the task of completing a technical solution that outlined the design installations of one of the countrys most secure facilities. I was required to not only learn the technical specifications of hundreds of communication devices, but also to describe that function in a manner in which any person from off the street, with or without a technical background, could pick up the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and completely maneuver the Network Operation Center (NOC), even though I myself had come from an Information Technology (IT) background.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A lot of my knowledge was gained through careful observation, question asking, and note taking.   I worried each and every day about the consequences which would arise if I were unable to deliver.   As one may assume, numerous meetings were conducted by the customers, expressing precisely the type of systems necessary to provide them with advanced applications and maximum flexibility for the capabilities of integration of tomorrows technologies.   I learned a lot just by listening and recording staff meetings which were unclassified, so that I could take what I had learned and research the type of equipment needed to meet the customers requirements. I would then ask questions of more skilled individuals.   For instance, â€Å"How would you do this?†.   Or, â€Å"How would you do that?†Ã‚   I also asked many a â€Å"Why?†Ã‚   Since I was, in reality, lacking the proper academic background to execute these tasks, I used what I was good at: research and problem-solving.   I began to put my facts down on paper, utilizing the manufacturers technical notes, the data received by more skilled persons, and information I had found using a tool that every household now uses, Google, to derive a Technical Solution and Installation Plan that received much praise and even a promotion!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I apologize if this sounds like a happy ending story, because its not.   The research, and rewrite upon rewrite, and multiple revisions of even these   Looking back, I wonder if the methods I employed would have been different if I had completed my education.   But in the modern world in which we live, technology had given modern man many methods by which to learn and perform tasks once thought to be completely unavailable to people like myself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I remember the day I first arrived in Colorado Springs.   I only had a short visit scheduled, so I had to make the most of the trip.   My flight landed just before midday on a Friday.   I believe it was August, as the weather was pleasantly cool and sunny.   Because I was sat in a window seat, I was able to get a good look at the city upon approach.   From above the city, still in the air, what you first notice is what I like to refer to as â€Å"cookie cutter communities†.   The scenery of the different neighborhoods looks as though God Himself once pressed a cookie cutter into the ground.    Due to the altitude of â€Å"The Springs†, as the locals call it, the air-craft inadvertently provided a touristic view of the city.   One could not miss the world-famous Pikes Peak.   If you recall your American Folk Song, â€Å"America†, then you know â€Å"Purple Mountains Majesty†.   Well, Pikes Peak is what the song is all about, and I must admit that it is breathtakingly topped with snow-crested peaks even in July!   As the plane continued its descent, â€Å"The Garden of the Gods† came into view, the large rocks seeming like giant clay boulders somehow naturally arranged in balance – as if by God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Colorado Springs is not very large.   The main road, IH-25 (or, as the locals call it, the â€Å"I†) is the only way in and out when traveling by car, and during the wetter months I have seen it closed from Trinidad (70 miles to the south) to Denver (70 miles to the north).   The area is more for outdoorsy people, who enjoy skiing, fishing, hunting, and the same such.   However, if your interest is in military history, you wont be let down.   The Springs is home to three military bases, as well as the Air Force Academy, and also â€Å"NORAD†.   Most people who are new to the area, or just visiting, find it much more rewarding simply driving to see it.    For instance, taking the â€Å"I† to 24W up into the mountains, you climb up to Manitou, a Norman Rockwell-type of picturesque town nestled into the scenery.   This is one of my favorite places to go.   Its old-time square consists of brick- and wood-fronted shops which melt into the scene like a painting.   As you continue to travel west on 24, Pikes Peak Highway is just a few minutes ahead.   Believe it or not, Santa is said to have a summer home here.   To promote good behavior, parents are often heard exclaiming, â€Å"Santa can see you†!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the beginning of my career, I decided that I wanted to do things that were not so common.   The ambition to undertake such a mission was driven by the attitude that there is nothing like changing the world.   To lay the foundation, I entered the military and successfully completed boot camp.   Thereafter, I was sent to Ft. Benning, Georgia to begin â€Å"Jump School†.   This is where you are sent to learn to become a paratrooper, the first step to sky-diving or, as it is otherwise referred to in the Military, â€Å"High Altitude Low-Out HALO†. The regimented course is approximately four weeks and consists of enduring hours of physical training, ground tower, and jump weeks.   The curriculum involves various tasks which teach you the correct way to land, how to maneuver the chute while airborne, and much more.   Each recruit is required to complete five jumps before he or she graduates and is allowed to pin on their jump wings.   This event in particular was one of the key steps that propelled my career, as it in turn took me to Israel – one of my favorite places in the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Israel appeared like Mohammed in the desert.   Herzliya, located on the central coastal strip, is a breath-taking city on the Mediterranean Sea.   It does not take too long after arrival to begin to understand the way of life there – cameras are mounted everywhere, police presence is widespread, there are heavily-armed IDF forces on each and every corner, and Apache patrols go along the coastline every 15 minutes.   However, taken through the eyes of the locals, the city is alive with the old and new worlds living in harmony.   During my time there, I was able to visit Tel Aviv, Eilat, and Jerusalem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most alluring was the beauty of being surrounded by water.   This permitted me to do a good amount of scuba-diving and fishing.   Although Im no expert, the waters of the Middle East are by far, to me, the most enjoyable on that side of the world.   The crystal-clear seas are closely regulated by the government, which prohibits commercial fishing within two miles of the shore and only allows freight shipments and related traffic on one side of the peninsula in order to avoid spills that would contaminate the surrounding outlets.    Looking back on these memories, it was not uncommon for all the mates to chip in and rent a boat to take out for a day of fishing and diving.   Open-sea fishing may feel the same in all warm waters, but the difference with the Middle East is the ability to see 80 – 100 feet into the depths and watch the fish as they toy with your bait; not to mention that there is an upfront view of the unfamiliar predators of the Mediterranean!   Having used mostly shrimp for bait, we caught a few different species and deep-fried them as soon as we returned to dry land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The advantages of taking an online course are pretty straight-forward: not having to deal with traffic or parking, the ability to study from home or wherever an internet connection is located   But, for me, the disadvantages are more abundant.   For instance, in subjects that I am poor at (like this course), one is unable to link up with the instructor for assistance in acquiring a better understanding of what is being asked of you.   Another disadvantage is not getting to know any classmates.   There has always been an advantage in face-to-face study groups.   I have found that sometimes you are able to get a better feel for a subject when working with your peers.   For me, an online courses major benefit is convenience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Online studies have revolutionized the education system, taking study to wherever the student is, but for those of us that have a long absence from school, online classes may not be the best choice.   I find it very difficult on so many levels, not to mention very stressful, and seek only a passing grade, instead of the usable knowledge of the class.   In conclusion, as you may have already gleaned from my essay, I find that the drawbacks outweigh the advantages.   However, in pursuit of academic recognition, one does what one has to, in order to ameliorate ones life and that of ones family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Institutes of higher education have transcended their traditional image as local and regional points of interest for audiences across national, international, and global arenas.   This extended outreach poses a direct correlation in which the business of education has become an integrated asset in the business of doing business.    The introduction of global business ventures (such as Wal-Mart, Ikea, and Starbucks) have reinvented the traditionally local marketplaces and introduced super market places.   One case in point is the â€Å"Super Wal-Mart† stores which cater to every need, from groceries to a department store with a pharmacy, vision center, portrait studio and hair salon.   How exactly does this all tie into the business of education?   I will address two significant elements: technology and management.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These colossal superstores are upheld, literally and figuratively, by an infrastructure of communication networks.   These networks include information systems that facilitate everything from inventory to purchasing.   The ability to maintain these networks requires specialized, and in most cases, certified persons.   The individuals, whether in-house or contracted, hold qualified certifications specific to such areas as computer science, networking, and database engineering.   With the extent to which technology is driving the business of globalization, the business of education is directly impacted as students seek to arm themselves with the credentials necessary to secure a job within the overwhelming support service industry. An industry so competitive that, in order for the key players to secure the worthwhile contracts, recruitment of the most qualified is a must.   These individuals are à ©lite students out of college and universities, or experienced professionals.   Once employed, they must remain current with certifications as technologies grow and expand.   This is why they engage in continuing education.   Likewise, a clients infrastructure may grow and expand, thus calling for the support service to educate personnel accordingly.   The realm of any business, big or small, is always changing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management, the second element, runs rampant amidst the entire scheme of it all.   In order for businesses to be successful, much less remain on par, knowledgeable supervisors, managers, and directors are required.   For these individuals, like their support service counterparts, to ensure progress and efficiency, their skills need to be constantly nourished.   This capability has an impact on al business models, as employers must take into consideration incentive programs, such as â€Å"tuition reimbursement†, should they wish to sustain the attention of highly-skilled employees.    As students become workers, this benefit is a key point of interest during the job search.   Employees who are not viewed as influential and are looking to advance skills may not be able to readily fund the costs of educational endeavors on their own.   Should their duties and responsibilities be impacted by technological advancements, not being able to fully comprehend and take to the new changes can run the risk of losing their jobs.   In turn, companies are faced with a dilemma in stream-lining the guidelines for qualification of educational reimbursement, while educational institutions are faced with the means of offering tuition assistance in order to attract students.   Thus the pursuit of high learning has become a highly evolved business, dependent on the very same support service personnel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like the superstores, schools are revamping their own infrastructure of communication networks and entering the business of globalization via online and virtual classrooms, courtesy of the most rampant network to date – the Internet.   In essence, the effect of education absorbed by a business creates a boomerang effect, reciprocating the prospects for institutions across the entire academic spectrum.

Sending Your Child to a Day Care Center Essays -- Essays Papers

Sending Your Child to a Day Care Center Abstract Sending your child to day care is a tough decision to make. Parents most look into various ideas when picking a day care center. They also must think about what is best for their child’s development whether it be social, physical or cognitive. There are various pros and cons to sending your child to day care and decide if it is right for your child and family. â€Å"As they stepped into Ms. Couchon's office, the mother, a nurse, burst into tears. Her husband, a software engineer, had just lost his job,† she explained, leaving the family strapped. â€Å"I gave her a hug and let her cry,† Ms. Couchon says. She also refused the mother's request to drop her two preschoolers from the center's roster, telling her she would cut their tuition until her husband got a new job.† (Shellenbarger, 2000). Parents want to send their children to daycare even though it costs them a great deal of money. It is hard to tell if parents should send their children because of how expensive it is. Parents are even becoming stressed that the child day care centers are taking care of the parents as well as the children. There are many things to consider when deciding if you are going to send your child to day care or not. As shown in the situation above, there is a great deal of stress and money that comes along with sending your child to daycare. At Needham Heights KinderCare, in Massachusetts, where Ms. Couchon is the director, parents walk in to soothing classical music in the reception area. They are even encouraged to take a few minutes to relax, knowing how stressed they are. There are phone calls that are made during her lunch hour for paren... ...local variation. Children & Society, 15(3) pp170-181. Retreived March 27, 2004 from Acedemic Search Premier. Sethi, A. (n.d.). The Daycare Dilemma. Retrieved May 6, 2004, from http://www.parenting.com/parenting /article/0,19451,9367,00.html Shellenbarger, S. (Apr 9, 2000). Now, Day-Care Centers Have Started Helping Stressed Parents, Too. The Wall Street Journal, pp B1. Retrieved March 27, 2004 from http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.882004&resdat=xri:pqd&rft_valfmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&rft_dat=xri:pqd:did=000000052730101&svc_dat=xri:pqil:fmt=text&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=41150 Yan, W. & Lin, Q. (2004, February 24). The effect of Kindergarten program types and class size on early academic performance. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 12(7). Retrieved March 26, 2004 from http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v12n7/.

Asquith’s poem, ‘The Volunteer,’ and the extract from Shakespeare’s ‘Henry V’ Essay

How effectively do Asquith’s Poem, ‘The Volunteer,’ and the Extract From Shakespeare’s ‘Henry V’ Promote the Idea That it is Heroic to fight and Die For One’s Country? What Alternative View, is Offered by Wilfred Owen in ‘Dulce et Decorum Est?’ The Volunteer is a Pro-War poem written by Herbert Asquith. Asquith uses roman imagery to invoke a feeling of greatness and honour. Asquith begins his poem by describing the miserable, mundane life of a clerk, working in a ‘city grey’. He opens with the words ‘Here lies†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ that are normally used to begin writing on a gravestone. This ‘epitaph’ – style opening gives the idea that the clerk has now passed away and the poem will concentrate on events beforehand. We are told the clerk has spent ‘†¦half his life†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ doing boring work (‘..Toiling at ledgers..’), his days drifting away. There is a distinct lack of fulfilment in his life, ‘..With no lance broken in life’s tournament†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (‘Lance’ is roman imagery) And yet he dreams of ‘..The gleaming eagles of the legions..’ and horsemen ‘..thundering past beneath the oriflamme..’ (or battle flag.) Asquith cleverly uses the expression ‘..The gleaming eagles of the legions..’ to conjure up ideas in the reader’s mind of great gleaming roman soldiers. This adds to the ideology that war is a glamorous and noble thing. In his second stanza, Asquith tells us that ‘..those waiting dreams are satisfied..’ Obviously, the clerk has joined the army. He talks of ‘..waiting dreams..’ giving the impression that the clerk has dreamt of this for a very long time. He goes on to say ‘..From twilight to the halls of dawn he went..’ I think what he means is that the clerk has gone from his dull city to a new, brighter beginning. And although he died he is happy. ‘..His lance is broken but he lies content..’ Because in that ‘high hour in which he lived and died’ he achieved something he had dreamt of forever. Asquith also mentions that the man needs no reward for his actions (‘..he wants no recompense†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢). In his last two lines of the poem, Asquith writes: ‘..nor need he any hearse to bear him hence, who goes to join the men of Agincourt†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ What he is saying is that he who fights for his country needs no other honour in death for fighting is his reward. This poem is very pro-war and is remarkably influential in using roman imagery to sway the reader’s judgement in his favour. Overall, it is written quite effectively. Another pro-war poem is Henry V. It is actually a speech from Henry V by William Shakespeare. It is his interpretation of what Henry V would have said to his men in an effort to inspire them before they fought at Agincourt. The writer uses the idea that the men will be remembered as heroes and become famous to enthuse them. He begins his speech by naming the day ‘the feast of Crispian.’ He goes onto declare that ‘..He that outlives this day†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ shall stand taller (‘..Stand a tiptoe†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) on this day in the future. This will make the men that fight feel superior; and more importantly it will make those who don’t fight feel inferior. The words ‘feast’ and flowing cups’ are also used. These give the imagery of a better life with plenty of food and drink. (possibly that of a king.) He goes on say that every year the man who fought: ‘..will strip his sleeve, and shows his scars, And say – These wounds I had on Crispin’s day†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This quote fits in with the thought that scars are a notable accessory and that they will impress people. The men who fought will have the image in their minds that they will be able to show them off to people and feel courageous. He also pronounces to the brave soldiers that they will undoubtedly become famous. ‘..Our names†¦ familiar†¦as household words..’ stating that the names of those who fought will be as famous as ‘..Harry the king, Bedford and Exeter, Warwick and Talbot..’ these were all extremely well known and respected figures. Now the men have the belief that for fighting this battle they will be remembered as kings, fame will be theirs. This fame pattern continues with ‘..this story shall the good man teach his son†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ giving the idea that their story will be passed down for generations and generations. They will become role models as such for young boys, helping them to become good people. He continues to make the men feel unique with ‘..We few, we happy few..’ Repetition of the word ‘few’ makes the men feel that they should be glad to be a part of something that so few people have the opportunity to be a part of. He goes on to promote this idea of uniqueness with the words, ‘..we band of brothers..’ as if the men have become family through fighting for their country. Henry then proclaims that: ‘..he†¦that sheds his blood with me†¦shall be my brother..’ He has stated that each man is his equal, making them feel honoured. The poem is rounded off with the thought that ‘..Gentlemen in England, now abed..’ would feel accursed that they weren’t here fighting with us. And they would ‘..hold their manhoods cheap..’ whenever anyone speaks who fought on Saint Crispin’s day. He is making the men feel that they are superior to those who didn’t fight, and that men in England would give anything to be them right now. The poem promotes heroism very effectively, using images of fame and kings to inspire the men. This poem was obviously extremely effective because these men won the Battle of Agincourt against extraordinary odds. Although, in Dulce et Decorum Est, written by Wilfred Owen there is a completely different message conveyed. ‘Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori’ is Latin for: ‘it is sweet and honourable to die for one’s country.’ It is a strongly anti-war poem in which Owen describes events from personal experience. In the first stanza, Owen depicts a group of soldiers as they march. He describes their gaunt appearance, speaking of ‘lost boots’ and lost senses. He goes on, in the second stanza to illustrate the reaction of the men to the cries of: ‘gas! GAS!’ There is ‘An ecstasy of fumbling..’ One man, possibly known by Owen is slow to respond. Owen recalls the horror of his death toward the end of the stanza and subsequently writes his next stanza, consisting only of two lines, about the terrible dreams he has about the experience. This leads Owen on to comment bitterly and vividly about the incident, finishing his final stanza off with: ‘ The old lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori’ If Owen is to achieve his desired effect, he has to be as vivid and evocative as possible. In the first stanza, Owen begins with two similes in the first two lines, describing soldiers as ‘old beggars under sacks’ and ‘hags.’ Likening the soldiers to old beggars under sacks gives the reader an indication of the sheer weight of what had to be carried, while likening them to hags, completely dehumanising them. This stanza paints a picture of what it was like for these young men; using words like ‘trudge’ to suggest heavy movements. We get a zombie like impression as ‘..Men marched asleep.’ from the exhaustion of body and mind. Also, it suggests that the men march without point i.e. all hope has been lost, as the ‘five-nines’ (bombs) fall behind. In the second stanza there is a clear change in tempo, (it begins with a command) ‘Gas! GAS! Quick, boys!’ There is ‘an ecstasy of fumbling’ showing that it seemed to take a long time to fit the ‘clumsy helmets.’ Here, the helmets are personified to help to describe the awkwardness of the things. Water imagery is used to show what mustard gas was like. Phrases like misty panes, green sea and drowning do this very effectively. The third stanza is very tense as it goes on to explain how Owen dreams of the man choking to death as he stands helpless. Again, water imagery is used as the man ‘plunges’ at Owen in desperation while Owen must watch him ‘..guttering, choking, drowning.’ In the final stanza, Owen asks you to ‘pace behind the wagon that we flung him in.’ the use of the word ‘flung’ suggests casualness and insignificance. Owen involves the reader with phrases like ‘you’ and ‘you too.’ There is alliteration of the letter ‘w’ as he asks the reader to ‘..watch the white eyes writhing in his face..’ He describes ‘His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin†¦obscene as cancer†¦ incurable sores on innocent tongues..’ a description to horrify the most unsympathetic of persons. He addresses the reader as ‘my friend’ showing bitter irony, and states that ‘you would not tell with high zest to children†¦The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori’ This poem is extremely effective in making the ideology that war is an honourable and dignified thing disappear using horrific, vivid images to do so. To sum up, I feel that all three poems are effective in their own styles. However, some are more effective than others. Henry V is more effective than The Volunteer in supporting the ideology that war is honourable and dignified. This is so in my opinion due to the way it cleverly gives off the impression that the men fighting will be remembered as heroes by comparing them to kings. Also, it concentrates more on what the men will do when they return home, not if they return home. The Volunteer uses images of death and an epitaph style opening to convey the message of a valiant death. I don’t think that making the reader think of death will inspire him or her to fight for their country at all. Dulce est Decorum Est is the most effective poem of the three. It’s usage of vivid and horrific imagery could make any patriotic citizen think again before going to war. The structure of the poem is extremely well thought out because it begins to get extremely shocking in the final stanza, almost certainly making the reader sway away from the honourable image he or she had of war before reading. It then finishes with labelling Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori a lie. This is intelligent because the reader is at his most easily influenced after reading the horrific description in the final stanza and therefore is more likely to agree with this point.

Habitat for Humanity Essay

Habitat for Humanity originated at Koinonia Farm, which is a small Christian farming community located outside of Americus, Georgia. Clarence Jordan brought the idea to Millard Fuller, who is the founder and president of Habitat for Humanity International. They developed the idea of â€Å"partnership housing,† calling for families in need of a home to partner with volunteers to build affordable homes. In 1975 Fuller and his wife Linda established Habitat for Humanity with one clear vision in mind â€Å"a world where everyone has a decent place to live.† Habitat’s ministry is based on the conviction that to follow the teachings of Jesus Christ we must reflect Christ’s love in our own lives by loving and caring for one another. Our love must not be words only – it must be true love, which shows itself in action, this is the full forces that lead Fuller and his wife to establish this organization. Habitat provides an opportunity for people to put their faith and love into action, bringing diverse groups of people together to make affordable housing and better communities a reality for everyone. The idea of Habitat for Humanity is to work in partnership with God and people to build decent, affordable, houses in which people can live and grow into all what God has intended. The Fuller’s vision has become a successful reality that has presently helped build over 500,000 homes and helped over 2.5 million people worldwide. Habitat for humanity is operated based on two main sources: donations and mortgage payments of the homeowners. Donations generate from individuals, foundations, and businesses – their monies are used to purchase land and materials. The no-interest mortgage payments made by current Habitat homeowners greatly contribute to support the construction of additional Habitat homes. Some organizations such as Ameri-Corp may pay their volunteers with school courses and materials in return for their time. Habitat for Humanity’s crucial point is not just to build a house and help people to be under a roof, but their main goal is to build a clean, dece nt, and stable house for families: these families can provide stability to their children, the sense of dignity and pride grows for these families; health, physical safety, and security improves, educational and job prospects. My experience at Habitat for Humanity was a powerful and passionate one. Amazingly, one of the most precious gifts we can give one another is – time. A couple of hours or days can translate into a lifetime of hopefulness and commitment to strive and I had the opportunity to experience this reality, throughout my experience at the Habitat. I have learned what the meaning of passion is mainly because I’ve had the genuine sentiment to finish the work I’ve started, along with many other people that shared this experience with me. The other thing that I discovered about passion is how easy it is to be a family with people you have met for the first time if you open your heart to them and let them be part of your life. The other thing I found about passion is the skills that I have that would help to repair the universe. In this experience I found something that has deepened my faith that God created each one of us uniquely with specific skills that not everybody has; therefore, this experience helped me to find skills that I am going to use to help building the world again with passion and also the experience and realize that the simple usage of my hands can a the life of a family. The people that I met at Habitat for Humanity were dedicated to their jobs. As I approached the job site, I noticed several groups of people who were putting their time and organization into this home-building project. They invested hundreds of hours of sweat into building houses to help low income families. Some days, community volunteers spend more than eight hours working on the houses. To complete their jobs, volunteers overcame obstacles such as: lack of supplies, unusable wood, and lack of enough workers. The employees and volunteers I met were motivated to overcome obstacles to help families in need. Though they may not have had the best materials, they used what they had in order to complete the job. Many of these materials come from the Re-Store; this store sells donations mostly given by the community. The funds collected are used for materials and other services that are required. Volunteers must be willing to work in the heat and endure a lot of intense physical labor. Wall-framing, installing dry wall, plumbing and roofing are skills that the organization needs from volunteers. The volunteers I worked with were willing to endure the heat and physical labor in order to help low income families who need a home. If you are looking for a place where you can make a huge impact on society, Habitat for Humanity is the place. People of all backgrounds, races, and religions are invited to build houses for people in our community. Habitat for Humanity is capable of working with each volunteer’s skill level. Don’t be afraid of hard work. No matter what goes on in your life, you will always remember all of the positive things you have done to help out in your community. In conclusion, Habitat for Humanity does such essential work and by that work they recognize the concept of passion and Christianity, and the other thing about them is they recognize that there are needs in the world and these needs should be met with their work. My experience helped me change my idea about service and the real meaning of service, and it let me be familiar with the big three R’s- restoration, reparation, and reconciliation – that are the keys for service. The three R’s were spoken among many of the volunteers that I met, indeed the R’s simply describe this experience, the other thing I found is that dedicating myself is another important part of service because without dedicating myself, the work that we need to do to repair the universe would not be as perfect as how it should be.

Free Essays on Expectations and Society

Expectations and Society The question of the matter is whether you should do something or not because you’re expected to. Whereas its really a question of how you view our society. Take, for instance, the boy who sees these big guys going off to war carrying big weapons. He’s probably going to dream about being in the army. Then some day when he gets old enough he’s going to go off to war and get killed because society gleams on the fact that if you go to war your going to be a hero. Now if you say went to Vietnam, people just where disgusted at you because of the mindless slaughter. Where the fact is that none of the people rally wanted to get dragged into the war in the first place. Another example is tipping; you should tip if the waiter or waitress is a good server. Except for that most people just tip because society deems it right. Then there are the people that are saying â€Å"well its figured into there pay.† What about the McDonalds workers getting dirt pay. What about them. What society is saying is that tip these people but don’t tip this person. Who is society to say who should get tipped and who shouldn’t? Look at it this way, all men are created equal right? Well what about those who are in the same line of work and don’t even get the benefit of tips. That doesn’t sound very equal to me. A movie states this clearer than I probably could. This movie name is â€Å"Reservoir Dogs.† Rent it some time and you will see what I mean. Steve Buscemi renders this point. (From â€Å"Fargo†, â€Å"Con Air†, â€Å"Big Daddy†, and many others.) There you have my view on who decides what we should or shouldn’t do.... Free Essays on Expectations and Society Free Essays on Expectations and Society Expectations and Society The question of the matter is whether you should do something or not because you’re expected to. Whereas its really a question of how you view our society. Take, for instance, the boy who sees these big guys going off to war carrying big weapons. He’s probably going to dream about being in the army. Then some day when he gets old enough he’s going to go off to war and get killed because society gleams on the fact that if you go to war your going to be a hero. Now if you say went to Vietnam, people just where disgusted at you because of the mindless slaughter. Where the fact is that none of the people rally wanted to get dragged into the war in the first place. Another example is tipping; you should tip if the waiter or waitress is a good server. Except for that most people just tip because society deems it right. Then there are the people that are saying â€Å"well its figured into there pay.† What about the McDonalds workers getting dirt pay. What about them. What society is saying is that tip these people but don’t tip this person. Who is society to say who should get tipped and who shouldn’t? Look at it this way, all men are created equal right? Well what about those who are in the same line of work and don’t even get the benefit of tips. That doesn’t sound very equal to me. A movie states this clearer than I probably could. This movie name is â€Å"Reservoir Dogs.† Rent it some time and you will see what I mean. Steve Buscemi renders this point. (From â€Å"Fargo†, â€Å"Con Air†, â€Å"Big Daddy†, and many others.) There you have my view on who decides what we should or shouldn’t do....

Fries Rebellion of 1799

Fries Rebellion of 1799 In 1798, the United States federal government imposed a new tax on houses, land, and slaves. As with most taxes, nobody was very happy to pay it. Most notably among the unhappy citizens were Pennsylvania Dutch farmers who owned lots of land and houses but no slaves. Under the leadership of Mr. John Fries, they dropped their plows and picked up their muskets to launch Fries’ Rebellion of 1799, the third tax rebellion in the then-short history of the United States. The Direct House Tax of 1798 In 1798, the United States’ first major foreign policy challenge, the Quasi-War with France, seemed to be heating up. In response, Congress enlarged the Navy and raised a large army. To pay for it, Congress, in July 1798, enacted the Direct House Tax imposing $2 million in taxes on real estate and slaves to be apportioned among the states. The Direct House Tax was the first – and only – such direct federal tax on privately-owned real estate ever imposed. In addition, Congress had recently enacted the Alien and Sedition Acts, which restricted speech determined to be critical of the government and increased the power of the federal executive branch to imprison or deport aliens considered â€Å"dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States.† John Fries Rallies the Pennsylvania Dutch Having enacted the nation’s first state law abolishing slavery in 1780, Pennsylvania had very few slaves in 1798. As a result, the federal Direct House Tax was to be assessed throughout the state based on houses and land, with the taxable value of houses to be determined by the size and number of windows. As federal tax assessors rode through the countryside measuring and counting windows, strong opposition to the tax began to grow. Many people refused to pay, arguing that the tax was not being levied equally in proportion to the state’s population as required by the U.S. Constitution. In February 1799, Pennsylvania auctioneer John Fries organized meetings in Dutch communities in the southeastern part of the state to discuss how to best oppose the tax. Many of the citizens favored simply refusing to pay. When residents of the Milford Township physically threatened federal tax assessors, preventing them from doing their job, the government held a public meeting to explain and justify the tax. Far from being reassured, several protestors, some of them armed and wearing Continental Army uniforms, showed up waving flags and shouting slogans. In the face of the threatening crowd, the government agents canceled the meeting. Fries warned the federal tax assessors to stop doing their assessments and leave Milford. When the assessors refused, Fries led an armed band of residents that eventually forced the assessors to flee the town. Fries Rebellion Begins and Ends Encouraged by his success in Milford, Fries organized a militia, which accompanied by a growing band of armed irregular soldiers, drilled as an army to the accompaniment of drum and fife. In late March 1799, about 100 of Fries’ troops rode toward Quakertown intent on arresting the federal tax assessors. After reaching Quakertown the tax rebels succeeded in capturing a number of the assessors but released them after warning them not to come back to Pennsylvania and demanding that they tell U.S. President John Adams what had happened. As opposition to the House Tax spread to the rest of Pennsylvania, federal tax assessors in Penn resigned under threats of violence. Assessors in the towns of Northampton and Hamilton also asked to resign but were not allowed to do so at the time. The federal government responded by issuing warrants and sending a U.S. Marshal to arrest people in Northampton on charges of tax resistance. The arrests were made largely without incident and continued in other nearby towns until an angry crowd in Millerstown confronted the marshal demanding that the marshal not arrest a particular citizen. After arresting a handful of other people, the marshal took his prisoners to be held in the town of Bethlehem. Vowing to free the prisoners, two separate groups of armed tax rebels organized by Fries marched on Bethlehem. However, the federal militia guarding the prisoners turned away the rebels, arresting Fries and other leaders of his now-failed rebellion. The Rebels FaceTrial For their participation in Fries’ Rebellion, thirty men were placed on trial in federal court. Fries and two of his followers were convicted of treason and sentenced to be hanged. Swayed by his strict interpretation the Constitution’s often-debated definition of the crime of treason, President Adams pardoned Fries and the others convicted of treason. On May 21, 1800, Adams granted general amnesty to all participants in Fries’ rebellion stating that the rebels, most of whom spoke German, were â€Å"as ignorant of our language as they were of our laws† and that they had been duped by the â€Å"great men† of the Anti-Federalist Party who opposed granting the federal government the power to tax the personal property of the American people. Fries’ Rebellion was the last of three tax revolts staged in the United States during the 18th century. It was preceded by Shays Rebellion from 1786 to 1787 in central and western Massachusetts and the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 in western Pennsylvania. Today, Fries’ Rebellion is commemorated by a state historical marker located in Quakertown, Pennsylvania, where the revolt began.

Economic Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Policies - Essay Example Such happened after the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) permeated 36 billion yuan (or HK$45.2 billion) to be fed to its banking system via bills and forward bond repurchase agreements which motivated short term loans in the market that was scaled up last month (Reuters, 2013, p. 1; The Economist, 2013, p. 1). Banking sector current condition While they are hopeful that the money market rates will be normalized by July, but economists began to note that the bond repurchase in seven days slumped to 69 bps to 4.76 % since June, the zenith period for liquidity squeeze (Reuters, 2013, p. 1). The overnight repossession rate dropped 63 bps to 3.79 % and the 14-day rate lurched nearly 100 bps to 5.09% based on reports (Reuters, 2013, p. 1; The Economist, 2013, p. 1). ... 1; The Economist, 2013, p. 1). Critics pointed that China lacked the capacity exercise the standard monetary policy and governance pointing the lack of better stimulus packages that is best exercised by the Japanese government (The Economist, 2013, p. 1). It is most poised for deleveraging its system noting how its credit system grows expediently than its annual growth domestic product (GDP) (The Economist, 2013, p. 1). The total social financing lowered its ratio hence, affecting its interbank fiscal condition with the cash at critical situation. Need for reform Some critics recommended that structural reform should be undertaken for Chinese banking system, suggesting the need to undertake initiatives to liberalize the interest rates and to raising prices of utilities. The problem is further exacerbated by the heavy public spending and tax cuts (Dobson & Kashyap, 2006, pp. 103-108). Its economy is likewise heavily dependent on exports and its government needs to grapple with its hig h level economic issues with its neighbours and with countries with which they have trading relations (Dobson et al., 2006, pp. 103-108). The credit ratio of the country also scaled up, higher than what they have from its monetary conditions in the past. While it’s admitted that increasing credits for domestic entrepreneurs of China could help improve the resource needs of these small businesses but the returns remained undertrained, and so is the payment (Dobson et al., 2006, pp. 103-108). It is not likewise certain if these entrepreneurs possessed such credit worthiness that would warrant fast and expedient repayment of loans and interests, especially so that most

How Does Nikes Questionable Manufacturing Practices in Asia Affect Dissertation

How Does Nikes Questionable Manufacturing Practices in Asia Affect Their Brand Image - Dissertation Example Critics accuse Nike for malpractices and gaining fame and success without any Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in its own manufacturing plants. Instead of improving the working conditions in its manufacturing plants the company spends more on marketing by using faces of high profile celebrities such as Michael Jordan to popularize its brand and attract customers (Mujtaba et al. pg. 1, 2005). With Jordan, the company’s sales went through the roof. After him a number of celebrities were heavily paid to endorse the brand. These included Tiger Woods, Ken Griffey Jr., Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi (Sporting Goods Companies: Nike, n.d.). The issue of malpractices by Nike was disclosed in the 90s decade. The issue of low paid foreign factory workers first became prominent when the world renowned celebrity, Kathy Lee Gifford, was accused for endorsing garments that were manufactured by low wages workers in the developing countries. Gifford promised to participate in improving the condi tion of the workers. The famous brand, Nike, also became a subject of similar controversy. Nike was accused of having sweatshops in the developing countries where workers were paid even below the minimum wages standard (Mujtaba et al. pg. 1, 2005). ... The social activists criticized the unethical practices of the firm in public and exerted pressure on the firm to take a look at their corporate responsibility. Nike customers all over the world criticized the malpractice by the firm. Social activists called on the customers to boycott Nike products until necessary actions were taken by the firm to improve the working conditions of the workers all over the world, especially in Asia (Mesarosch, pg. 1. 2008). While these charges might be true or simple perceptions, the accusations did affect the brand image of Nike in a negative way as not being a socially responsible firm. Since then Nike has been battling with such charges and trying to improve its image as a socially responsible firm (Mujtaba et al. pg. 1, 2005). The aim of this paper is to highlight how Nike has suffered due to its malpractices in Asia. I shall also discuss in brief the history of the brand and the malpractices for which it received criticism. For that matter relev ant literature and peer reviewed articles will be explored to evaluate the situation. Towards the end a conclusion shall be made which will be based on the research. Nike and Its Brand Image: Nike is a massive billion dollar firm that produces sports products. It factories are situated all over the world and likewise its products are sold all over the world. Since 1990’s Nike has expanded its product range and has started producing clothes, watches, bags and golf gear. It has also gained partnership with an electronic company to produce Nike electronics. Nike has achieved tremendous success which is evident from the fact that it has taken over ALL STAR CONVERSE which was one of the biggest rivals of the firm (Hossain, pg. viii, 2010). For the past four decades,

SOCIAL ACCOUNTING OR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Literature review

SOCIAL ACCOUNTING OR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - Literature review Example Conclusion 12 Reference 14 Introduction Accountants have made an important contribution in the debate of corporate social responsibility also known as social accounting or CSR. The major element that the accountants have contributed is the ability to provide mechanism for the holding corporations are accountable for their work. Ryan (2002) has described the Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR as motherhood issue, the hot topic of the noughties by Blyth (2005) and finally Mees and Bonham (2004) have defined CRS as the talk of the town. There are various definitions provided by the authors and which are simple and some complex and a range of ideas and terms are used interchangeably which includes the corporate sustainability, citizenship, social investment and also corporate governance (Thomas, 2006, p. 3). CRS is considered as a strategy to create, sustains a positive reputation and brand image for the company. Corporate Social responsibility has become an important part in the success of the corporate. Studies on the ef fects of CSR on the organisation have shown a diverse outcome. Many studies conducted on the effect of CSR have showed a negative result or relationship between the CSR activities and the performance of the organisation. But there are authors who have proved in showing a positive relationship between the CSR and the performance of the organisation. ... Much of the literature tends to promote the business for its CSR claiming the ethics are good for business. The instrumental approach states that the CSR needs to be reconstructed in an instrumental manner in order to be meaningful to the managers in their day to day activities to pursue the organisational goals and objectives. According to Beesley & Evans the government needs to promote the CSR in terms of taxation and also regulation in order to ensure profitability for the corporation and pursue CSR. But the normative approach states that the instrumental approach tends to diminish the ethical principles of the Corporate Social Responsibility. The normative and the instrumental approaches believes in different notion as to what would be the bottom line of any business should be and what. As per Reinhardt, the normative and also the instrumental arguments are mostly used simultaneously. There have been noticed an interplay in between the two approaches like with normative approach an understanding of the ethical business is acquired also by informing the instrumental approach. The instrumental approach does not act ethically unless and until it is profitable for the firm to do so and whereas the normative approach applies a more consistent ethical performance. According to research, driving forces for the organisations to adopt the CSR practises is catalysed in different events (Friedman & Miles, 2006, p.31). Influence on the practise of Corporate Social Responsibility tends to interact or overlap in many different and complex ways such as when the investment firms spends a huge amount of dollar in order to educate the potential financial consumers to

The Importance Of Moral Philosophy

The Importance Of Moral Philosophy Moral philosophy is very important to the success of an individual. Rational knowledge has two components. These components are material and formal. Formal knowledge is not object oriented, and is based on reason. Formal knowledge is logic, or the laws of thought. Material knowledge is object oriented, and has two components. These two components are natural and moral. Natural law is physics. It determines what is the case, and how things behave in nature. On the other hand, moral law determines what things ought to be. Morality is something humans think about, and is not based on physiological factors. Now that we have a little background of knowledge and moral law, let me tell you why you should lead a moral life. Even though morality is not imposed upon you, it is about humanity. And, while it may not seem fair, in reality, morality is judged by humans. So, if you are immoral, other people will be the ones that notice that you are immoral, and that can hurt personal relationships. One way that I have succeeded throughout my career is by knowing and being friends with a lot of people. The practical side of life is based on interpersonal relationships. Whether it be social or business, communicating with people is the only way to get things done. There is no way that you can go through life in todays society without getting along with people. If people think that you are immoral, than they will not respect you, or be willing to work with you. Again, it may seem like it is not fair because you know that no one is one hundred percent moral, and if someone doesnt respect you because you are immoral, than they are hypocritical. But, when it comes to moral issues, the reality of the world is that people are hypocritical. They feel it is okay for them to do it, but not okay for anyone else. Think about it, how many times have you said, I cant believe that he did that; hes a jerk. Knowing the entire time that you have done the same thing. You may say, Who cares! Im here to tell you that one day you might care. Let me give you and example. After I completed a business venture that made me over one million dollars, I learned that the only reason I received the job was because the man I was competing against had cheated on his wife. Well, the company offering the job decided that they couldnt trust this man because of his immoral activity. So, to answer your question, I care. And for that matter, I bet if you were involved in this situation, you would care. Now I want to tell you an obvious reason why you should care. This may be so obvious that you overlooked it. Many of our nations laws are based on moral issues. For instance, you cant hurt another human; you cant steal from another human; and you cant kill another human being. Now, you may say, I already know this! But, if everybody knew this, would we need jails? Let me ask you a question. How successful can you be in jail? My point with this question is to get you to realize that you cant be successful in jail. Nobody grows up saying that they cant wait to go to jail because they know that it is the place to be. Nobody says that if they could just get in jail they know that they could be the best prisoner, and could have the biggest cell. This may be taking immorality to an extreme, but it happens. An immoral life could send a person to jail. I can tell you some of the consequences of an immoral life, but I cant make you be moral. Morality is not imposed upon you by society. Morality is self imposed; it is something in us, and defines what constitutes a human being. I am sure that many of you have participated in team sports. Now even if you have a good game, maybe you scored all of the points, and the team won. But, at the end of the game you cheated. Well, everyone that knows you cheated now labels you a cheater. So, in the future, when it is time to play the next game no one wants you on their team. They think that you will give the team a bad name because you cheated before. Again, you might say, Who cares? All I can tell you is that if you cant play because no one wants you on their team, then you sure cant win or be successful. So since morality, whether it is fair or not is judged by those around you, you will be better off in the end if you lead a moral life. Kant says, The moral worth depends, therefore, not on the realization of the object of the action, but merely on the principle of volition according to which, without regard to any objects of the faculty of desire, the action has been done(Kant, p.13). What this great philosopher was saying, is that you cant always go for the instant reward when you are going to do something. Sometimes you have to bypass the selfish inclination and not cheat or do things that are immoral. Yes, you may not win this game, but at least you can play tomorrow and maybe win then. Moral law is universal. It is not created by anyone, it just exists. Also, moral law is a priori, or in other words, it exists before empirical law. Moral philosophy is very valuable to everyones life. Morals are proper for everyone, and since they are based on metaphysics, and metaphysics transcends differences, they are also cross cultural. Moral law has helped me be successful in everything that I do. Being a 65 year old man, I have seen a lot. I know the value of moral philosophy. Moral philosophy has helped me be successful in every thing that I have done. You may ask, How has it helped you be successful? Well, I have told you a couple of aspects of moral philosophy, and all of these aspects have helped me keep things in perspective. Financial success will come with morality, but if it doesnt, then you will still be better off because you have led a moral life. There have been times in my life when I have succumb to selfish inclination, and the results were immediately good. But ultimately, if I had been labeled as an immoral person, and was not able to do certain things because people didnt like me, than I definitely wouldnt have been the one invited to give this talk to you. By the way, I am getting paid an awful lot of money for this talk. So there is another way that morality has helped me. Happiness is not a grounding for morality, because some immoral people are happy. But, morality can lead to ultimate happiness and greater success in whatever you attempt to do in life.