SOCIAL ACCOUNTING OR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Literature review

SOCIAL ACCOUNTING OR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - Literature review Example Conclusion 12 Reference 14 Introduction Accountants have made an important contribution in the debate of corporate social responsibility also known as social accounting or CSR. The major element that the accountants have contributed is the ability to provide mechanism for the holding corporations are accountable for their work. Ryan (2002) has described the Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR as motherhood issue, the hot topic of the noughties by Blyth (2005) and finally Mees and Bonham (2004) have defined CRS as the talk of the town. There are various definitions provided by the authors and which are simple and some complex and a range of ideas and terms are used interchangeably which includes the corporate sustainability, citizenship, social investment and also corporate governance (Thomas, 2006, p. 3). CRS is considered as a strategy to create, sustains a positive reputation and brand image for the company. Corporate Social responsibility has become an important part in the success of the corporate. Studies on the ef fects of CSR on the organisation have shown a diverse outcome. Many studies conducted on the effect of CSR have showed a negative result or relationship between the CSR activities and the performance of the organisation. But there are authors who have proved in showing a positive relationship between the CSR and the performance of the organisation. ... Much of the literature tends to promote the business for its CSR claiming the ethics are good for business. The instrumental approach states that the CSR needs to be reconstructed in an instrumental manner in order to be meaningful to the managers in their day to day activities to pursue the organisational goals and objectives. According to Beesley & Evans the government needs to promote the CSR in terms of taxation and also regulation in order to ensure profitability for the corporation and pursue CSR. But the normative approach states that the instrumental approach tends to diminish the ethical principles of the Corporate Social Responsibility. The normative and the instrumental approaches believes in different notion as to what would be the bottom line of any business should be and what. As per Reinhardt, the normative and also the instrumental arguments are mostly used simultaneously. There have been noticed an interplay in between the two approaches like with normative approach an understanding of the ethical business is acquired also by informing the instrumental approach. The instrumental approach does not act ethically unless and until it is profitable for the firm to do so and whereas the normative approach applies a more consistent ethical performance. According to research, driving forces for the organisations to adopt the CSR practises is catalysed in different events (Friedman & Miles, 2006, p.31). Influence on the practise of Corporate Social Responsibility tends to interact or overlap in many different and complex ways such as when the investment firms spends a huge amount of dollar in order to educate the potential financial consumers to

The Importance Of Moral Philosophy

The Importance Of Moral Philosophy Moral philosophy is very important to the success of an individual. Rational knowledge has two components. These components are material and formal. Formal knowledge is not object oriented, and is based on reason. Formal knowledge is logic, or the laws of thought. Material knowledge is object oriented, and has two components. These two components are natural and moral. Natural law is physics. It determines what is the case, and how things behave in nature. On the other hand, moral law determines what things ought to be. Morality is something humans think about, and is not based on physiological factors. Now that we have a little background of knowledge and moral law, let me tell you why you should lead a moral life. Even though morality is not imposed upon you, it is about humanity. And, while it may not seem fair, in reality, morality is judged by humans. So, if you are immoral, other people will be the ones that notice that you are immoral, and that can hurt personal relationships. One way that I have succeeded throughout my career is by knowing and being friends with a lot of people. The practical side of life is based on interpersonal relationships. Whether it be social or business, communicating with people is the only way to get things done. There is no way that you can go through life in todays society without getting along with people. If people think that you are immoral, than they will not respect you, or be willing to work with you. Again, it may seem like it is not fair because you know that no one is one hundred percent moral, and if someone doesnt respect you because you are immoral, than they are hypocritical. But, when it comes to moral issues, the reality of the world is that people are hypocritical. They feel it is okay for them to do it, but not okay for anyone else. Think about it, how many times have you said, I cant believe that he did that; hes a jerk. Knowing the entire time that you have done the same thing. You may say, Who cares! Im here to tell you that one day you might care. Let me give you and example. After I completed a business venture that made me over one million dollars, I learned that the only reason I received the job was because the man I was competing against had cheated on his wife. Well, the company offering the job decided that they couldnt trust this man because of his immoral activity. So, to answer your question, I care. And for that matter, I bet if you were involved in this situation, you would care. Now I want to tell you an obvious reason why you should care. This may be so obvious that you overlooked it. Many of our nations laws are based on moral issues. For instance, you cant hurt another human; you cant steal from another human; and you cant kill another human being. Now, you may say, I already know this! But, if everybody knew this, would we need jails? Let me ask you a question. How successful can you be in jail? My point with this question is to get you to realize that you cant be successful in jail. Nobody grows up saying that they cant wait to go to jail because they know that it is the place to be. Nobody says that if they could just get in jail they know that they could be the best prisoner, and could have the biggest cell. This may be taking immorality to an extreme, but it happens. An immoral life could send a person to jail. I can tell you some of the consequences of an immoral life, but I cant make you be moral. Morality is not imposed upon you by society. Morality is self imposed; it is something in us, and defines what constitutes a human being. I am sure that many of you have participated in team sports. Now even if you have a good game, maybe you scored all of the points, and the team won. But, at the end of the game you cheated. Well, everyone that knows you cheated now labels you a cheater. So, in the future, when it is time to play the next game no one wants you on their team. They think that you will give the team a bad name because you cheated before. Again, you might say, Who cares? All I can tell you is that if you cant play because no one wants you on their team, then you sure cant win or be successful. So since morality, whether it is fair or not is judged by those around you, you will be better off in the end if you lead a moral life. Kant says, The moral worth depends, therefore, not on the realization of the object of the action, but merely on the principle of volition according to which, without regard to any objects of the faculty of desire, the action has been done(Kant, p.13). What this great philosopher was saying, is that you cant always go for the instant reward when you are going to do something. Sometimes you have to bypass the selfish inclination and not cheat or do things that are immoral. Yes, you may not win this game, but at least you can play tomorrow and maybe win then. Moral law is universal. It is not created by anyone, it just exists. Also, moral law is a priori, or in other words, it exists before empirical law. Moral philosophy is very valuable to everyones life. Morals are proper for everyone, and since they are based on metaphysics, and metaphysics transcends differences, they are also cross cultural. Moral law has helped me be successful in everything that I do. Being a 65 year old man, I have seen a lot. I know the value of moral philosophy. Moral philosophy has helped me be successful in every thing that I have done. You may ask, How has it helped you be successful? Well, I have told you a couple of aspects of moral philosophy, and all of these aspects have helped me keep things in perspective. Financial success will come with morality, but if it doesnt, then you will still be better off because you have led a moral life. There have been times in my life when I have succumb to selfish inclination, and the results were immediately good. But ultimately, if I had been labeled as an immoral person, and was not able to do certain things because people didnt like me, than I definitely wouldnt have been the one invited to give this talk to you. By the way, I am getting paid an awful lot of money for this talk. So there is another way that morality has helped me. Happiness is not a grounding for morality, because some immoral people are happy. But, morality can lead to ultimate happiness and greater success in whatever you attempt to do in life.

Robert Frost Essay -- essays research papers

Natures Theme   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nature is always hinting at us. It hints over and over again. And suddenly we take the hint.† This quote was taken from Robert Frost and demonstrates his feelings toward nature. Robert Frost is a well known American poet who draws on nature as the subject of his poems. There are three main things that account for Robert Frost’s poetry. In his poems, he uses familiar subjects, like nature, people doing everyday things and simple language to express his thoughts. His poems might be easy to read by some, but not necessarily east to understand. It is not hard to see through his poems, how deeply moved he is by the Earth. In many of Frost’s poems about nature, he recognizes the beauty of nature, but is also confused and sometimes saddened by its continuous change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nature is all around us and we, as a society, are bound by its unpredictable changes. Robert Frost finds the beauty of nature, yet is aware of its uncertainty. The majority of Frost’s poems can be connected to the outdoors and a feeling of free that Frost seems to cherish. When Robert Frost’s poems are analyzed in depth, it becomes apparent that his view on nature are quite complex and much more of what is usually seen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frost had a love-hate relationship with Mother Nature. In his personal life he reveled in the simple joys of farming and being in touch with the earth. However, what he saw on the underside of natu...

Poetry Walt Whitman I Hear America Singing Essay

In I Hear America Singing Walt Whitman paid tribute to the workers of America. Whitman included every worker that he could think of, including the women and the girls who stayed home and do house chores. Whitman pictured them as happy and contented people who put dignity and respect in labor. In the poem the worker carried the physical burden of his work with a light heart that made him sing. In the first line, the entire country was euphoric and they sang different songs in unison. Whitman used varied carols to describe the emotion of America. Carols were usually sang on Christmas seasons when people were upbeat and matched perfectly the celebratory mood of the holidays. In the poem the Americans did not sing ordinary songs but those like carols which were mostly cheery and bouncy. He started off with the mechanic whose song he characterized with strength and blitheness. The carpenter lay down the plank and put up the beam. His job was physically demanding but he still managed to sing. The mason looked forward to another day of work and he sang along the way. Anything that we are eager to face everyday as something that gives us pleasure is reason enough for us to sing out our feelings, which was exactly the case of the mason in the poem. The boatman sang out the things he needed for his boat was a novel way of doing his job of checking the tools of his trade. The deckhand sang from the deck where he can see the vast expanse of the sea. This was how he gave in to his feelings of exhilaration, freedom and joy. Creativity flows from the shoemaker and the hatter as they each went about their routine work. Whether sitting down or standing up they were at their most comfortable that singing came naturally easy for them. In the woods and in the farms, the song came from the cutter and the farmer as they labored from sunlight to sundown. Their task can be back-breaking but by singing they lightened their burden and provided themselves respite especially at midday. The women who did the cooking, sewing and washing also sang to cast away their boredom and in its place welcomed the gladness in doing their domestic chores for their love ones. Walt Whitman spoke of lightness of feelings, despite the demands of work. He used contrasts in the poem. He associated work with heavy and song with light. He made an attempt and succeeded in uniting or putting the contrasts together by making the worker sing. The worker sang not to please an audience but he sang for himself. Singing did many things to the workers: sustained the jolly mood of the mechanic, lightened the load of the carpenter, opened the exciting day of the mason, puts novelty in the boatman’s job, let the thrill in to the deckhand, fed creativity in the routine for the shoemaker and the hatter, provided a restful break for the woodcutter and the farmer, and took the boredom away and inspired the women in their home chores. Walt Whitman used free verse in I Hear America Singing as well as imagery of men with different occupations giving in to the urge and lightness of feeling to want to burst into a song. With free verse he was able to compose a picture of uncontained happiness of a man in doing his job. Free verse was suggestive that work was not a bondage to the man but the source of his joy. Whitman made an unrestrained enumeration of workers who sing as they work, giving the readers an impression that there were many of them with similar attitudes and feelings towards their work. In the title, it was not the workers he heard singing, but the whole country of America. Again, with the free verse, his scope was not limited to those he enumerates. He collectively hears everyone in America. The working man is America, whatever his occupation may be. He gives tribute to the workers, he gives tribute to America.

Boko Haram is winning so far in Nigeria Essay

Nigeria has ever faced series of security threatening challenges, but Boko haram is the most powerful sect so far. The sect claims responsibility for several bombings and snip activities in the northern and central Nigeria, thereby placing the nation at the threshold of disintegration this paper describes briefly how the Terrorists use murder, kidnapping, and bombings to pursue a political agenda. Then will introduce the rise of Boko Haram, a radical Islamist sect who is fighting to overthrow the government in Nigeria and create an Islamic state. Many questions in mind like who are this group? Who’s funding it? How they treat their prisoners? The government has been unable to put an end to it, will see at the end if he gets any help from other nations? In past years, most people thought terrorism is only happening in the Middle East countries but now terrorism is every were, even in the most powerful countries. Terrorism is more like terrible and brutal violence with only one purpose of terrified the people. It has two main purposes, to put pressure on the authorities, to spread fear and uncertainty first between the people; their action involves serious violence against a person or serious damage to property, endangers a person’s life. Second, they interfere to disrupt an electronic system, influence the government, advancing a political, religious or ideological cause. According to Rotberg, nation-states fail because they are convulsed by internal violence, and as a result are unable to provide security and positive political goods to their citizens. (2003:1). The Religion Terrorism is one of the most violent they think that dying in a terrorist act is sacred and holy; they see it as divinely commanded. Boko haram is Nigeria’s militant Islamist group which has caused havoc in Africa’s. It seems that the sect may prefer to be called â€Å"Jama’atu Ahlissunnah lidda’ awati wal Jihad† , which can be glossed â€Å"Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet’s Teachings and Jihad† (Mu’azu 2011:17).They believe that anyone who is not governed by what Allah has revealed is among the transgressors. They killed around six hundred people in various attacks in 2011, and the number of casualties doubled in the first four months of 2012 (Pothuraju 2012:1) Because they regards at the Nigerian state as being run by non-believers, even when the country had a Muslim president. Boko Haram members are fully convinced that moral and social decadence has eaten deep into the fabric of the Nigerian society and are resolved to rid the society of corruption and moral bankruptcy by establishing an ideal Islamic society, devoid of political corruption and moral deprivation (Akanji 2009:60) One of the most powerful factors that contribute the Boko haram is that the Islamic Republics, donations from members who links with Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, During the interview, on 14 June 2010, Droukdel the leader of AQIM claimed that his â€Å"group would provide Boko Haram with weapons, training, and other support in order to expand its own reach into Sub-Saharan Africa not only to gain ‘strategic depth,’ but also to defend Muslims in Nigeria and stop the advance of a minority of Crusaders† (cited in Pham 2012:3). With funding from government, they are able to buy and train more men than most other terrorist organizations. In effect, with their financial support, Boko Haram backers have become—covertly or overtly—a part of the conspiracy to instigate war against the Nigerian state, civilians, Christians, students, and public institutions (Adesoji 2011:107). Leaders of many Christian organizations in Nigeria have out in support of the government’s decision to declare a state of emergency in the country’s northern states, Borno, Adamawa and Yobe. Many of their peoples live in a terror because of the group targets the religious minority for some of its most brutal attacks. Also, the government in Nigeria has asked its northern neighbor Niger for help in an offensive against Boko Haram insurgents. Plus, the U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton mentioned Boko Haram during her testimony before Congressional committees. She called it part of the same global jihadist movement as al-Qaida and Ansar al-Sharia. Finally, Boko Haram has killed thousands as it seeks to spread conservative Islamic law across Nigeria. Its frequent bombing targets include police, soldiers and Christian churches. Nigeria’s military have been involved in heavy fighting against this sect and hopefully with the help of the other nations, the government gets back the control on Nigeria. Works Cited Adesoji, Abimbola, O. 2011. Between Maitatsine and Boko Haram: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Response of the Nigerian State. Africa Today 57(4):99-119 Akanji, Olajide, 0. 2009. The Politics of Combating Domestic Terrorism in Nigeria. In Domestic Terrorism in Africa: Defining, Addressing and Understanding its impact on Human Security, edited by W. Okumu and A. Botha. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies Mu’azu, Abubakar. 2011. Understanding the Emerging Trend of Terrorism in Nigeria: A Case Study of Boko Haram and Similar Groups. Monograph series, 16. Lagos, Nigeria: CLEEN Foundation. Pham, Peter. 2012. Boko Haram’s Evolving Threat. Africa’s Security Brief 30:1 -8 Pothurju, Babjee. 2012. Boko Haram’s Persistent Threat in Nigeria. Institute for Defense Studies and Analysis. http://www.idsa.in/system/files/ThreatlnNigeria_BabjePothuraju.pdf Rotberg, Robert. 2002. The New Nature of Nation-State Failure. The Washington Quarterly 25(3):85-96. 2003. State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press

The 52 Art Scholarships You Need to Know About

The 52 Art Scholarships You Need to Know About SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips People are always saying that art doesn’t pay. Fortunately, they aren’t always right! Prospective art students will be happy to know that there is a multitude of art scholarships out there that will help pay for their educations. We have all the details on the best art scholarships below, so read on to see which scholarships are the best fit for you! Who Should Apply for These Art Scholarships? The following art scholarships are aimed at students who are creative and have spent time in high school developing their artistic talent. Art careers are not the easiest to pursue, so you’ll have to demonstrate a passion for your chosen art form in order to show that you have real potential. Art scholarships can cover many different disciplines, including performing arts, fine arts, design, and more. In this list, I have covered available scholarships for the following disciplines: Performing arts, such as drama, film, television, and broadcasting Dance Photography Fine arts, such as drawing, painting, and sculpture Video game design Music, including voice and instrumental Design, including graphic design, interior design, sound design, and industrial design Scholarships that cover more than one area of art will be listed in each relevant category. Though many art scholarships are specific to a particular college or university, the scholarships listed below can be used at many different schools. To earn the most money for college, you should apply to as many of these scholarships as possible and also inquire at your college about opportunities for scholarships for your particular program. Be aware that this is not an exhaustive list of art scholarships. If you don’t see something that looks like it could be a fit for the kind of art you do, make sure you do more research about scholarships in your field. There are probably a few out there! Also, keep in mind that most art scholarships are offered directly through universities. When you're considering applying to a school, be sure to ask about any art scholarships they might have that you'd be eligible for. Performing Arts Scholarships First, let's take a look at the best performing arts scholarships currently available. Aiko Susanna Tashiro Hiratsuka Memorial Scholarship This art scholarship is for active Student/Individual members of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL). Applicants must be studying performing arts. Deadline: March 2020 (for incoming college freshmen) and April 2020 (for all other students) Award Amount: Varies depending on scholarship Archibald Rutledge Scholarship Program South Carolina high school seniors may apply if they have attended a public high school in South Carolina for at least two years and plan to attend a college or university in South Carolina as well. There are five categories of scholarships: Creative writing: An original poem that is no longer than two double-spaced pages Dance: A three- to 10-minute original dance routine Music: A three- to 10-minute original composition Theatre: An original one-act play that is eight to 15 minutes long Visual arts: An original 2-D visual piece of art Applicants are judged on creativity, originality, and quality. Deadline: Early February 2020 Award Amount: $2,000 Bruce Marson Memorial Scholarship This performing arts scholarship is geared toward Fairfax County high school students (educated via either public school, private school, or home-schooling) who are seeking a degree in Technical Theatre Production. Deadline: Early May 2020 Award Amount: $2,000 Case Western Reserve University Theater Scholarships Case Western offers four full-tuition scholarships, as well as two $10,000 scholarships, for students who wish to major/minor in theater or pursue theater as an extracurricular. All students must complete an audition or present a portfolio of their work. Deadline: January 15, 2020 for application packet; February 1, 2020 for digital portfolio presentations and interviews; February 18, 2020 for in-person portfolio presentations and interviews Award Amount: Full tuition or $10,000 Charles Lucille King Family Foundation Undergraduate Scholarships The King Family Foundation offers several scholarships for students majoring in film and broadcasting. These scholarships come with the following award amounts: Up to $7,000 to college juniors and seniors majoring in film, television, and related fields $10,000 to a senior at NYU majoring in film or video $10,000 to a senior majoring in film or video at USC $10,000 to a graduate student studying film or video at UCLA $10,000 to a graduate student studying in the film or video MFA program at NYU Deadline: April 15, 2020 Congressional Black Caucus Spouses Performing Arts Scholarship To qualify, you must be a full-time undergraduate student or current high school senior, have a minimum 2.5 out of 4.0 GPA, and be pursuing a major and a career in the performing arts. This scholarship is intended for African-American students. Deadline: Late April Award Amount: Up to $3,000 Donna Reed Performing Arts Scholarship This scholarship is for performing arts students in Iowa. Applicants must be in 10th to 12th grade, submit a three- to five-minute video audition and a headshot, and provide a letter of recommendation from a drama educator. Deadline: Late May 2020 Award Amount: Up to $1,000 Educational Theatre Association Thespian Scholarships Each year, the Educational Theatre Association awards several scholarships to students in the performing arts. These scholarships are open to students ranging from high school sophomores all the way to college juniors! Note that some scholarships require attendance at the International Thespian Festival. Currently, there are 10 different scholarship opportunities available. Deadline: April or May 2019, depending on scholarship Award Amount: Varies depending on scholarship Florence Lemcke Memorial Scholarship in Fine Arts This fine arts scholarship, sponsored by the American Legion Auxiliary, Department of Washington, is for graduating high school seniors in Washington State who are also a child, grandchild, or great-grandchild of a veteran. Applicants must plan to pursue a degree in the fine arts, such as painting, drawing, photography, literature, architecture, sculpture, poetry, music, dance, or drama. Deadline: Early March 2020 Award Amount: $1,000 Georgia Thespian Scholarships Scholarships are awarded to 12 high school seniors who participate in Georgia Thespians. All auditioning students must have at least a 3.0 GPA. Award amounts are as follows: Gerald Ray Horne Scholarship: $2,500 Yatesy Harvey Theatre Educator Scholarship: $2,000 Frank Pruet Eric Ebell Vision and Innovation Scholarship for Leadership: $2,000 Pam Ware Leadership Scholarship: $2,000 Linda P. Wise Performance Scholarship: $2,000 Gene Imelda Bell Service Scholarship: $2,000 Dwight Gilstrap Technical Scholarship: $2,000 Achievement Scholarships (5): $2,000 Iowa Scholarship for the Arts This award is for high school seniors who are Iowa residents and excel in the arts. Students must be accepted to an Iowa college or university and plan to major in the fine arts. Award Amount: $1,500 Irene Ryan Acting Scholarship This scholarship is open to high school seniors up through current graduate students. There are 16 regional awards and two national awards available. Note that the awards are not necessarily limited to education in the theatre arts. Award Amount: Varies from $500 up to $5,000 John L. Dales Scholarship Fund Applicants must be active members of the Screen Actor’s Guild or children of members. Required materials include SAT/ACT scores and transcripts. Deadline: March 15, 2020 Award Amount: Varies Oklahoma Association of Broadcasters Scholarships OAB offers several scholarships to students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges or universities who are majoring in broadcasting. Students must be either juniors or seniors in college, have a minimum B average, and plan to work in broadcasting. Selection is based on students' extracurricular activities and awards, broadcast industry experience, financial need, and an essay. Deadline: February 2020 Award Amount: Six awards of $2,000 each Vivian Klemz Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is for current college students (sophomore and above) who are from Ventura County, CA, graduated from a Ventura County high school, and are currently pursuing an education in the arts (which includes performing, visual, fine, or language arts). Preference is given to female applicants. Deadline: Early February 2020 Award Amount: $1,500 VSA Playwright Discovery Award Applicants must be in grades 6 through 12 (ages 11-18 for non-US students). Students must write a 10-minute script (of any genre) that incorporates the theme of disability. Note that applicants must have a disability (or, if applying as an ensemble, at least one student must have a disability). Deadline: Mid-January 2020 Award Amount: Ranges from $3,000 to $20,000 Dance Scholarships In this section, we introduce the best dance scholarships currently available to students. Archibald Rutledge Scholarship Program South Carolina high school seniors may apply if they have attended a public high school in South Carolina for at least two years and plan to attend a college or university in South Carolina as well. There are five categories of scholarships: Creative writing: An original poem that is no longer than two double-spaced pages Dance: A three- to 10-minute original dance routine Music: A three- to 10-minute original composition Theatre: An original one-act play that is eight to 15 minutes long Visual arts: An original 2-D visual piece of art Applicants are judged on creativity, originality, and quality. Deadline: Early February 2020 Award Amount: $2,000 Caroline H. Newhouse Scholarship Fund This scholarship is for dancers looking to transition into new careers. The scholarship is open to those who have had a performing dance career for at least seven years (does not have to be consecutive or current), 100 weeks or more of paid dance employment in the US, and total gross earnings of $56,000 or more over the course of the seven years. Deadline: Multiple deadlines throughout the year Award Amount: $2,000 Florence Lemcke Memorial Scholarship in Fine Arts This fine arts scholarship, sponsored by the American Legion Auxiliary, Department of Washington, is for graduating high school seniors in Washington State who are also a child, grandchild, or great-grandchild of a veteran. Applicants must plan to pursue a degree in the fine arts, such as painting, drawing, photography, literature, architecture, sculpture, poetry, music, dance, or drama. Deadline: Early March 2020 Award Amount: $1,000 Iowa Scholarship for the Arts This award is for high school seniors who are Iowa residents and excel in the arts. Students must be accepted to an Iowa college or university and plan to major in the fine arts. Award Amount: $1,500 Jean Lee/Jeff Marvin Collegiate Scholarships Each year, Indiana SHAPE awards six scholarships to undergraduates who are attending an Indiana college or university and are majoring in health, physical education, recreation, dance, or exercise science. Applicants are evaluated on several factors, such as their GPAs, potential as professionals, financial need, and recommendation letters. Deadline: January 15, 2020 Award Amount: Six annual $1,000 awards Mary Benevento/CTAHPERD Scholarship This scholarship is for high school seniors from Connecticut who plan to major in dance or another physical/health education field at a Connecticut college or university. Students will be judged based on their academic ability, professional competence, and future career potential. Applicants must submit transcripts, a 300-word essay, and a letter of recommendation. Deadline: June 15, 2020 Award Amount: $1,000 NYCDA Foundation College Scholarship Program For these dance scholarships, applicants must have recently completed their junior or senior year of high school and plan pursue a performance-based major. In addition, they must attend an audition and submit a letter of recommendation from a dance instructor. Scholarships last for four years of college. Deadline: July 2020 Award Amount: Ranges from $5,000 to $25,000 Ruth Abernathy Presidential Scholarship Applicants must be members of SHAPE America, be majoring in dance or another physical/health education field, and be college juniors or seniors with GPAs of 3.5 or above. Selection is based on academics, leadership, community service, and character. Deadline: October 15 Award Amount: $1,250 for undergraduate students and $1,750 for graduate students Photography Scholarships Now, we'll take a look at the best photography scholarships. AIGA Worldstudio Scholarships These scholarships are for students studying fine art, graphic design, illustration, or photography. Students must have at least a 2.0 GPA, display financial need, and submit a portfolio of their work. Minority status is a significant factor in award decisions. Deadline: April 30, 2020 Award Amount: Up to $6,000 Bodie McDowell Scholarship This scholarship is available to students who are working (or plan to work in) in outdoor communications, which includes print, photography, film, art, and/or broadcasting. Eligible students must submit examples of work and letters of recommendation. Academic achievement is considered but isn't a major deciding factor. Deadline: March 1, 2020 Award Amount: Varies, but usually is between $1,000 and $5,000 Janie Moore Greene Scholarship Grant This award is available to high school seniors and current college students who are majoring in photography. Deadline: October 31, 2019 Award Amount: $1,000 Fine Arts and Writing Scholarships Here are some of the best scholarships for those majoring in writing or the fine arts. Against the Grain Artistic Scholarship This scholarship is open to Asian American high school seniors and college students who are majoring in performing, visual arts, journalism and/or mass communications. Eligible students must have a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Deadline: Early May 2020 Award Amount: $1,000 AIGA Worldstudio Scholarships These scholarships are for students studying fine art, graphic design, illustration, or photography. Students must have at least a 2.0 GPA, display financial need, and submit a portfolio of their work. Minority status is a significant factor in award decisions. Deadline: April 30, 2020 Award Amount: Up to $6,000 Archibald Rutledge Scholarship Program South Carolina high school seniors may apply if they have attended a public high school in South Carolina for at least two years and plan to attend a college or university in South Carolina as well. There are five categories of scholarships: Creative writing: An original poem that is no longer than two double-spaced pages Dance: A three- to 10-minute original dance routine Music: A three- to 10-minute original composition Theatre: An original one-act play that is eight to 15 minutes long Visual arts: An original 2-D visual piece of art Applicants are judged on creativity, originality, and quality. Deadline: Early February 2019 Award Amount: $2,000 Beall Scholarship Applicants for this scholarship must meet the following eligibility requirements: Female between the ages of 16 and 36 Member of the Presbyterian Church (USA) Resident of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, or Virginia Demonstrate financial need Applicants must be art majors. Deadline: June 30, 2020 Award Amount: Up to $3,000 Cynthia and Alan Baran Fine Arts and Music Scholarship Fund Applicants must be undergraduate or graduate students at an accredited college or university, be taking at least six credit hours, and be enrolled in a BFA, BA in Studio Art, MFA, or BA/MA in Music program. Students must be studying painting, drawing, sculpture, ceramics, photography, or printmaking. A minimum 3.0 GPA is required. Deadline: February/March 2020 Award Amount: Varies Esther Kanagawa Memorial Art Scholarship Applicants must be Hawaii residents and current high school seniors who plan to major in the fine arts at an accredited college or university. They must have a GPA of 2.7 or higher and demonstrate financial need and good character. Deadline: February 15, 2020 Award Amount: $1,000 Iowa Scholarship for the Arts This award is for high school seniors who are Iowa residents and excel in the arts. Students must be accepted to an Iowa college or university and plan to major in the fine arts. Award Amount: $1,500 Lois Livingston McMillen Fund This scholarship is for women from Connecticut who are studying the fine arts. Preference is given to those studying the visual arts of painting or design. Deadline: March 15, 2020 Award Amount: Varies Minnesota Academic Excellence Scholarship This scholarship is for Minnesota-based high school seniors who are planning to attend a college or university in Minnesota. Applicants need to show excellence in an academic subject, which can be fine arts or creative writing. Award Amount: Varies NPG’s Poster Scholarship Contest Negative Population Growth gives a prompt every year and asks students to submit poster that's been designed by hand (no computer-generated work allowed). The prompt for 2019 asked about the negative effects of population growth on the US environment. Deadlines: July 15 and October 15 Award Amount: $1,000 to $3,000 Ritchie M. Gregory Fund Applicants must be current Hawaii residents who are majoring in art and have a GPA of at least 2.7 at a two- or four-year university or college. Applicants are evaluated on academic achievement, character, and financial need. Deadline: February 15, 2020 Award Amount: Varies Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Visual Arts Fellowships Applicants must be residents of Virginia; they also must complete an online application and turn in a resume, a sample of their artwork, and an artistic statement (visual arts only). Deadline: November 1, 2019 Award Amount: Undergraduates (including high school seniors) win $4,000, and graduate students win $6,000 Vivian Klemz Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is for college students (sophomore and above) who are from Ventura County, CA, graduated from a Ventura County high school, and are currently pursuing an education in the arts, including performing, visual, fine, or language arts. Preference is given to female applicants. Deadline: Early February 2020 Award Amount: $1,500 Video Game Design Scholarships Here are great scholarships for budding video game designers. Randy Pausch Scholarship Fund This scholarship is for students of any major who intend to pursue a career in the development of interactive entertainment, such as animation, programming, and game design. Applicants must be at least sophomores in college and have a minimum 3.3 GPA. Deadline: Late May 2020 Award Amount: $2,500 WomenIn Scholarship Fund This award is aimed toward women who want to enter the interactive entertainment industry. This scholarship is open to women pursuing careers in game development or the business of interactive entertainment. Deadline: Late May 2020 Award Amount: $2,500 Music Scholarships Here are some of the best music scholarships you can apply for. AMCA Music Scholarships The Associated Male Choruses of America sponsors scholarships for students who will be majoring in vocal music studies or instrumental music (though preference is given to the former). Applicants must be sponsored by a member chorus of the AMCA and are required to submit an application, a transcript, and three letters of recommendation. Deadline: March 1 Award Amount: $1,000-$1,200 Archibald Rutledge Scholarship Program South Carolina high school seniors may apply if they have attended a public high school in South Carolina for at least two years and plan to attend a college or university in South Carolina as well. There are five categories of scholarships: Creative writing: An original poem that is no longer than two double-spaced pages Dance: A three- to 10-minute original dance routine Music: A three- to 10-minute original composition Theatre: An original one-act play that is eight to 15 minutes long Visual arts: An original 2-D visual piece of art Applicants are judged on creativity, originality, and quality. Deadline: Early February 2020 Award Amount: $2,000 Cynthia and Alan Baran Fine Arts and Music Scholarship Fund Applicants must be undergraduate or graduate students at an accredited college or university, be taking at least six credit hours, and be enrolled in a BFA, BA in Studio Art, MFA, or BA/MA in Music program. Students must be studying painting, drawing, sculpture, ceramics, photography, or printmaking. A minimum 3.0 GPA is required. Deadline: February/March 2020 Award Amount: Varies Doris Clarence Glick Classical Music Scholarship This scholarship, sponsored by the Hawaii Community Foundation, is for students from Hawaii who are currently attending a non-profit college in the US. Students must be majoring in music with an emphasis on classical music, demonstrate financial need, and have a 2.7 GPA or above. Deadline: February 15, 2020 Award Amount: Varies but is approximately $1,500 Florence Lemcke Memorial Scholarship in Fine Arts This fine arts scholarship, sponsored by the American Legion Auxiliary, Department of Washington, is for graduating high school seniors in Washington State who are also a child, grandchild, or great-grandchild of a veteran. Applicants must plan to pursue a degree in the fine arts, such as painting, drawing, photography, literature, architecture, sculpture, poetry, music, dance, or drama. Deadline: Early March 2020 Award Amount: $1,000 Glenn Miller Scholarship Competition Scholarships are awarded annually to both vocalists and instrumentalists and may be used for any education-related expenses. Only high school seniors and college freshmen are eligible. Applicants must submit an audition CV with two tracks of contest-level material in contrasting styles as well as an essay. Finalists will have to perform in person. Deadline: Early March 2020 Award Amount: $3,000 for first place, $2,000 for second place, and $1,000 for third place Iowa Scholarship for the Arts This award is for high school seniors who are Iowa residents and excel in the arts. Students must be accepted to an Iowa college or university and plan to major in the fine arts. Award Amount: $1,500 The John Lennon Scholarship Scholarships are awarded to student songwriters and composers who work in contemporary musical genres like alternative, pop, rock, indie, electronica, RB, and experimental. In order to qualify, students must be between the ages of 17 and 24, a current college student or alumnus of a U.S. university, and have not worked previously with a major record label. Applicants must submit an original song win order to apply. Deadline: Spring 2020 Award Amount: $20,000 Music Committee Scholarship This scholarship is available to high school students, as well as college freshmen and sophomores, from Kansas who are planning to attend (or are currently attending) a Kansas college or university and will major or minor in music. Deadline: February 15, 2020 Award Amount: $1,000 Women Band Directors International Scholarships Women Band Directors International offers five different scholarships for women who plan on becoming a band director. A student in any college grade level may apply, though applicants must be majoring in music (any instrumental focus is okay). The application includes two letters of recommendation and a statement about why you want to be a band director. Deadline: December 1 Award Amount: Varies Nellie Love Butcher Music Scholarship This scholarship is for students pursuing an education in piano or voice. Preference is given to students of the Duke Ellington School of Performing Arts in Washington, DC. Applicants must upload their audio material as an MP3. Deadline: February 15 Award Amount: One-time award of $5,000 What do you mean "this doesn't adhere to the seven principles of design?" How could it not? Design Scholarships Finally, here is a list of the best design scholarships. AIGA Worldstudio Scholarships These scholarships are for students studying fine art, graphic design, illustration, or photography. Students must have at least a 2.0 GPA, display financial need, and submit a portfolio of their work. Minority status is a significant factor in award decisions. Deadline: April 30, 2020 Award Amount: Up to $6,000 American Institute of Graphic Arts Honolulu Chapter Scholarship Fund Applicants must be residents of Hawaii, be attending college in the U.S., and majoring graphic design, visual communication, or commercial arts. They must also show financial need and have a 2.7 GPA or above. Deadline: February 15, 2020 Award Amount: Varies ASID Foundation Legacy Scholarships This scholarship is open to interior design students in their junior or senior year of college. To apply, students must submit a portfolio with 8-12 work examples, a personal statement, a letter of recommendation, a portfolio statement, a transcript, and a headshot. Scholarships are awarded based on the combination of applicants' academic accomplishment, creative achievement, and personal statement. Award Amount: $4,000 IFDA Leaders Commemorative Scholarship For this International Furnishings and Design Association scholarship, applicants must be majoring in interior design or a related design/furnishing program. Extra consideration is given to students who have volunteered and demonstrated leadership potential. The application requires a letter of recommendation, an essay, and two different examples of your design work. Deadline: March 31, 2019 Award Amount: $1,500 IFDA Student Membership Scholarship For this International Furnishings and Design Association scholarship, applicants must be majoring in interior design or a related design/furnishing program. Extra consideration is given to students who have volunteered and demonstrated leadership potential. The application requires a letter of recommendation from a current IFDA Professional Member, an essay, and two to three different examples of your design work. Deadline: March 31 Award Amount: $2,000 IIDA Student of the Year Award This scholarship was created to recognize a student who is a member of the International Interior Design Association and who has significantly impacted his or her school’s interior design program through leadership, insight, and involvement. Applicants must be IIDA student members in good standing and have a minimum 3.5 GPA. Deadline: February 2020 Award Amount: $5,000 IIDA Wilsonart Essay Competition This scholarship recognizes a student member of the International Interior Design Association who has taken part in a student-mentoring week and who plans to have a career in interior design. This competition encourages leadership and mentoring between students and professionals. Students must submit an essay of 500-750 words about their mentoring experience. Deadline: Spring 2020 Award Amount: $1,000 ISDA Design Foundation Industrial Design Undergraduate Scholarship The Industrial Designers Society of America gives this annual scholarship to a student in industrial design. Applicants must have completed their freshman year of college with a GPA average of 3.0 or above and must also be student members of IDSA. Applicants must submit visual examples of work showing various projects. Students can only win this award once. Deadline: Mid-May 2020 Award Amount: $1,500 Joel Polsky Academic Achievement Award This scholarship is sponsored by the American Society of Interior Designers and is for students who have made academic contributions to interior design and wellness through print or digital communication. Applicants are required to submit a book, blog, or video, and the project must address the needs of the public, designers, and students in regard to design theory, education, business practices, and other related topics. Deadline: April 2020 Award Amount: Up to $5,000 Kansas City IFMA Scholarship This scholarship is for students majoring in interior design, architecture, or a field related to facility management. They must be enrolled in a Kansas or Missouri college or university. Applicants must include a letter of professional intent, two letters of recommendation, evidence of extracurriculars, and proof of GPA. Selected students must complete an interview. Deadline: April 30, 2020 Award Amount: $500 or more Randy Pausch Scholarship Fund This scholarship is for students of any major who intend to pursue a career in the development of interactive entertainment, such as animation, programming, game design, and music composition. Applicants must be at least sophomores in college and have a minimum 3.3 GPA. Deadline: Late May 2020 Award Amount: $2,500 Ruth Clark Furniture Design Scholarship For this International Furnishings and Design Association scholarship, applicants must be majoring in interior design or a related design/furnishing program. Extra consideration is given to students who have volunteered and demonstrated leadership potential. The application requires a letter of recommendation, an essay, and five different examples of original furniture designs. Deadline: March 31 Award Amount: $3,000 TLMI Four Year College Degree Scholarship This scholarship is for college juniors and seniors who are majoring in graphic arts, graphic design, or a different major, and who are interested in a career in the tag and label industry. Applicants must have at least a 3.0 GPA, have three personal references, and submit an essay. Deadline: March 31, 2020 Award Amount: Up to six awards of $5,000 are given annually What's Next? If any of these scholarships look interesting to you, your first step will be to assemble a top-notch portfolio of your work. Check out our article on how to make an amazing art portfolio for college for tips on how to do just this! Looking for some tips on how to draw contour line art? Learn more with our contour line art guide. We also have a post designed to give you some drawing inspiration! Remember to start applying for scholarships early in order to maximize your college fund! Check out these 19 scholarships you can apply to during your senior year of high school. Need more money than what these scholarships are offering? Then take a look at our lists of amazing full-ride scholarships and colleges that offer full-ride scholarships. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The eNotes Blog Happy Birthday Bukowski

Happy Birthday Bukowski There are so many quotes I could draw from that would be emblematic of the character of Charles Bukowski, the larger-than-life poet, novelist, alcoholic, and grim prophet of love. But today, on the day he would have turned 92, I choose two nights before my 72nd birthday. Written exactly two decades ago, shortly before his death of leukemia, the poem calmly, almost ambivalently, reflects on aging and death. Bukowski seems drained of all the lingering angst from his difficult childhood, only amazed at the fact hes lasted this long and grateful for his glass of cabernet and the warm night. Its pleasant to think of him admiring lifes simplicities, not really wanting or regretting, merely enjoying what would be his second-to-last birthday. That night, I think, a secret bluebird gave a little whistle somewhere. sitting here on a boiling hot night while drinking a bottle of cabernet sauvignon after winning $232 at the track. theres not much I can tell you except if it werent for my bad right leg I dont feel much different than I did 30 or 40 years ago (except that now I have more money and should be able to afford a decent burial). also, I drive better automobiles and have stopped carrying a switchblade. I am still looking for a hero, a role model, but cant find one. I am no more tolerant of Humanity than I ever was. I am not bored with myself and find that I am the only one I can turn to in time of crisis. Ive been ready to die for decades and Ive been practicing, polishing up for that end but its very hot tonight and I can think of little but this fine cabernet, thats gift enough for me. sometimes I cant believe Ive come this far, this has to be some kind of goddamned miracle! just another old guy blinking at the forces, smiling a little, as the cities tremble and the left hand rises, clutching something real. Happy Birthday Bukowski.

Where Students Can Find CV Writer Jobs to Earn Some Extra Cash

Where Students Can Find CV Writer Jobs to Earn Some Extra Cash Where Students Can Find CV Writer Jobs to Earn Some Extra Cash For college students who are looking to earn some extra cash while still retaining the freedom to set their own schedules based on their educational needs and other set obligations, few options are more attractive than becoming a professional CV writer. That’s because CV writer jobs offer great pay, flexible hours and the ability to develop skills that will help you, both personally and professionally, throughout your entire life. If you’re ready to get started finding and being selected for CV writer jobs, here are a few of the best online resources to get you started earning money with CV writing. General Freelance Platforms: These platforms aren’t specifically limited to writing – they also offer opportunities for freelancers in a diverse range of different industries and niches. But thanks to their large size and widespread popularity, they’re great places for students to begin the search for CV writer jobs. Upwork: while the name may be new, Upwork has been one of the internet’s leading freelance platforms for more than a decade. Formed from the merger of popular sites, Elance and oDesk, Upwork is one of the most diverse resources for freelancers in industries ranging from CV writing to legal services. Freelancer: as one of the biggest contract employment platforms in the world, Freelancer boasts about an impressive list of nearly 20 million members who are either offering or looking for freelance services. As an aspiring CV writer, this is one site that you absolutely shouldn’t skip. PeoplePerHour: with its focus on digital projects and development, PeoplePerHour is more tech-minded than the other two general freelance platforms on our list – but that doesn’t mean it’s any less of a resource for finding high-quality CV writing jobs. Specialized CV Writing Services: In addition to broad platforms like Upwork and Freelancer, there are also a number of specialized CV writing services that students will want to consider – especially once they have some experience under their belt from other, more general freelancing platforms. CV-Shop: one of the most popular and highly-regarded CV writing services on the web, CV-Shop is a one-stop destination that helps clients with CV writing, editing, and critique. StandOut CV: another major web-based CV service company, StandOut CV stands by their work offering clients a complete satisfaction guarantee. If you’re looking for well-payed, professional CV writing jobs, StandOut CV is one of the best companies out there. Career Master CV Solutions: while Career Master CV Solutions offers a full suite of CV writing services for professional and executive-level job seekers, one of their most well-known services involves helping military veterans create effective CVs after leaving the service. You don’t have to be an expert with years of experience to be a successful CV writer, but for those new to the field, getting started and finding work isn’t always easy. That’s why we put this list together: if you’re new to the business and feel a little overwhelmed with trying to find CV writing jobs, these six resources will provide you with the solid foundation you need to get started with to earn extra cash today.

Racial and Ethnic Distinctions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Racial and Ethnic Distinctions - Essay Example Such processes and reactions are widely spread in the contemporary world, and for their description are often used notions of ‘racism’, ‘stereotype’, ‘prejudice’, ‘discrimination’. Unfortunately, these terms are frequently used, without a precise understanding of their meaning that only aggravates the issues they should clarify. The discussion of any concepts is impossible without their preliminary careful definition. Most of the differences in opinions regarding any matter of disa put usually arise not because of disagreements in understanding of values or importance of these notions in our daily life, but because of some distinctions in their definitions. It should be stated that some categories are variable and mostly depend on the meanings inserted by contemporaries. The term ‘stereotype’ was for the first time used in the book ‘Public Opinion’ written by the classic of American journalism, Walter Lippmann (1922). Using this term he was trying to describe the method, by means of which community tries to categorize people. As a rule, public opinion just put stamps basing upon some characteristics. Lippmann marked out four aspects inherent all stereotypes. Secondly, people get stereotypes (from friends, relatives, co-workers, mass media, etc.) rather then formulate them grounding on their own experience. As an example we may take the image of a perfect woman. There is a stereotype that she must be blond, tall, skinny, with blue eyes, and long legs. But it is not a secret that a lot of men on becoming older and getting own experience realize that they like women with dark hair or plump women. The fourth aspect is that stereotypes are extremely tenacious of life.  

Explaination of the Importance of Reflective Practice in Coaching Term Paper

Explaination of the Importance of Reflective Practice in Coaching - Term Paper Example However, in the twentieth century, this trend of the teacher to student communication changed radically. In the context of this essay, it is important to note that modern coaching practices have been evolving as a two-way mechanism, where the learner is not the only learner, but the teacher or coach is also a learner at times. This sort of reflective practice would be a life long process which has been explored and analyzed on the basis of the various models and processes provided by continued research and development. Also, it becomes the learner’s responsibility to some extent that he or she frankly communicates with the coach; otherwise the process of sustained coach education would be largely impaired. Key Concepts and Processes of Reflective Practice The concepts and processes in relation to reflective practice have been primarily based on the various reflective models provided by the eminent educationists, psychologists and researchers in this field. Argyris and Schon: T he reflective model provided by Argyris and Schon introduces us to the idea of Single Loop Learning and Double Loop Learning. The theory has been built on the basis of the amendment and recognition of an observed error or fault. Single Loop Learning is the practice when an organization or practitioner continuously relies on current techniques, policies or strategies even after some error occurred and a correction had to be made. This continues until a similar situation is encountered again. However, the practice of Double Loop Learning is comparatively more innovative since it provides for alteration of the current techniques, policies or strategies on the account of an error observed. Thus, in this process, innovative ideas can be introduced when a similar situation is encountered again. (Schon, 1983) Kolb, 1984: The experiential way of learning involves the application of the information received from the educator to the experiences of the learner. It does not consist of activity generated in the classroom alone. The student does not acquire his or her knowledge exclusively from the teacher.  

Broadcasting Culture in the U.K Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Broadcasting Culture in the U.K - Dissertation Example (2) suggest, closely related to wider controversies revolving around race, class and sexuality. The methodology of this study will be that of a careful examination of what the movie audience actually sees and further, how these images/sounds influence their changing interpretation of gender roles within the film. Thus an analysis somewhat similar to the close-analysis of literary theory will occur in which what Bert States calls "the thing itself" (the film) will be considered together with its catalyzing effect upon the thoughts of the audience (States, 1). Due to the fact that this close analysis will involve a fairly detailed examination of the movies, two representative movies will be chosen for each of the decades concerned: Tarantula and Psycho from the 1950's and Fight Club and Thelma and Louise from the 1990's. While other movies will be mentioned, a discussion of just four examples in detail might seem a decidedly flimsy framework on which to hang an analysis of gender roles in film, but the depth of analysis possible by choosing just a few examples enables a firm foundation for the ideas to be laid. If an analysis descends too much into generalities it is liable to become just that, generic; films are best examined as the viscerally simple and yet overwhelmingly complex "things" that they are. A skimming over multiple films does not enable this. CHAPTER 1 1. High Heels in the Lab: A Close Look at the Portrait of Femininity in the 1950's Classic Tarantula It is possible to watch the apparently generic 1950's "monster movie" Tarantula without discerning the message that is almost subliminally contained with it that a woman can pursue a career... This dissertation reveals that different constructions of the â€Å"masculine† and the â€Å"feminine† have occurred since the beginning of Western dramatic literature in Ancient Greece, and have been continued within that most modern of art forms: film. The camera is traditionally seen as â€Å"male†, and it has a â€Å"gaze† that supposedly dwells upon the outer features of the female body while ignoring the complex human being beneath. The opposite is meant to be true of the man, who enjoys the position of having his intellect admired and his body ignored. When the camera looks at this body and the actions of the human beings within them in a problematic and more ambiguous manner, as has been shown in the four films discussed here, a more complex interpretation of human gender roles is possible. Thus Steve in Tarantula is a sexy, voluptuous woman and also a potentially brilliant scientist. The heroine of Psycho is equally feminine but takes on the â€Å"masculine†, active role of the thief trying to abscond with the money. Norman Bates controls his own world, and in fact literally â€Å"gazes† at his future victim through a peep-hole, but reveals surprisingly feminine features and neuroses. Indeed, the role of â€Å"Mother† that he takes on to murder people might be seen as the spectacularly unsuccessful attempt to subsume this feminine side. These two films, the representative of the 1950’s, were written at a time when gender roles were fairly rigidly enforced, although the stirrings of the massive changes that would occur during the 1960’s were starting to occur.

Consuming Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consuming Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Consuming Fashion" discovers the fashion consuming. The lifestyle of the baby boomers is unique, they like saving less and consuming more of what they get. In other words, the spending power of the baby boomer generation is considerable compared to the other generation. Baby boomers choice and spending on fashion in the future are largely influenced by their demographics, psychographic and their lifestyle behavior. Retailers have more opportunities in relation to the baby boomer generation, because they are high consumers than the other generations. Baby boomers (post-war baby boomers) were born between 1945 and 1954, and they have brought considerable social change in Britain especially in the consumption area. Macunovich 2000 (1) defines baby boomers as those individuals born between the years 1946 and 1964 in the United States. The group has come under intense scrutiny because of the public perceptions that they will put more pressure on financial and public services. T hey are also under intense scrutiny because they are thought to be a radical and liberal generation who are transforming everything in the society that comes their way. Baby boomers generation is considered to be the first teenagers; this is because they represent the affluent consumer society. Baby boomers are very diverse in nature\, and since they have some degree of experiences in social change, they differ greatly on education, class, and wealth. The status of their education views them as boomers.

Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment Essay

Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment - Essay Example It is up to the staff to see how creatively the problem is tackled. The heads or the superiors are not involved and do not intervene unless the solution to be provided is beyond the staff. As such there is minimal intervention. At the same time guidance is provide by the superiors when required. The staff is free to seek information as and when required. Also, the staff is free to tackle complex tasks on its own, even where superior guidance is required. At the same time, the staff is also free to develop new skills on its own. All these self management practices prove to be a motivating factor for the personnel. Since the staff can creatively tackle the queries, they are motivated to do better each time. Similarly minimal intervention by the heads makes them feel trusted and competent. At the same time the opportunity to develop new skills satisfies there internal urge for education. As pointed out below, "Self-managing employees require less oversight, so they improve productivity by reducing the need for continuous supervision. But that's just the beginning. By seeking out opportunities for growth and professional development, self-managing employees foster an environment of creative problem-solving, innovation, and personal accountability that strengthens the organization's strategic advantage. Although you can't train your employees to manage themselves, you can cultivate an environment conducive to self-management through support, recognition, and rewards for employees who take initiative and exhibit self-discipline" (Shauf, 2007). However, there is one practice that works against the motivational element. That is, the principal duties of the staff are segregated. The personnel handling the client queries are prevented from carrying out the back operations of the organization. As such even if a member of the staff is knowledgeable about both the functions of the department, he is not allowed to exercise his opinion. This sometimes makes some members of the staff distrusted. This necessarily works against intrinsic motivation for the job. Similarly, as far as hiring of new members is concerned, the heads or the staff is only partially consulted. They do not have a final say in hiring the staff. This is also an important element where the personnel feel unworthy. Rewards and Motivation "Jack Zigon defines rewards as 'something than increases the frequency of an employee action' (1998). This definition points to an obvious

Nursing ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing ethics - Term Paper Example However, the nurses cannot act in accordance with the demands made by the patients; on the contrary, they have to act according to their professional and ethical code for the complete and fast convalescence of the patients. The Paper The patients suffering from different diseases require urgent and intensive care in order to get relieved from the pain they are undergoing. However, sometimes it so happens that the treatment procedure is quite painful and somewhat awkward for the patient, where he is not ready to act upon the advice of the medical advisor. At such precarious state of affairs the nurses have to keep their professional obligation in mind in order to tackle the patient without creating too much annoyance for him. The same situation was created with an old patient, who was admitted at the hospital for the surgery of his leg. Being a pensioner, and the only source of income for the entire family as well, the patient maintained serious reservations regarding the expenditures being made on him. He requested repeatedly to the hospital staff to operate him as soon as possible so that he could escape from the extra expenditures and daily rent of the room he had hired at the hospital. However, being a chronic diabetic and heart patient as well, the doctors spent many days in controlling his sugar level in the blood. It seriously told upon the weak nerves of the patient, and he grew very weak and feeble by the time the operation was due. The nurses did not inform him regarding the room charges and service charges, as well as the fee being deducted from the patient’s deposit on every visit of the diabetes and heart specialists. The medical staff inserted artificial hip joint in the left leg of the patient, amount of which was really shocking for the patient. The doctors presented the charges bill the next day after the operation, and the patient was startled to look at the bill he had to pay for his two weeks long admission at the hospital. Consequentl y, he got a serious heart attack, and thus lost his life at the hospital. Had doctors not wasted two weeks in sugar control procedure, the life of the patient could have been saved. Though the medical staff does not escape its duties; rather, since the sugar control process is made keeping in view the health condition of the patient, the doctors took a fortnight time in the process, which was strictly beyond the capacity of the patient. Here appear the following ethical issues: Whether or not the serious diabetic should be recommended surgery at the age of seventy years Whether or not should the doctors have wasted fourteen days for controlling the blood sugar level Whether or not the bill should be presented to the patient on the very next day of the operation was conducted Should the doctors not have discounted the bill looking at the poor financial condition of the patient? It is true that the patient had been suffering from severe pain in his leg, and sought the help of the medi cal and nursing staff for the same. Somehow, the medical staff must have looked into his financial and physical position in order to save his life. Ethical values do not allow the professionals to give any harm to the patients, and thus escaping every possibility that may pave the way towards the increase in the severity of his ailment. Thus, the nurses have to take some unpleasant decisions for the best interest of the patient and his family. Ethical

Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment Essay

Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment - Essay Example It is up to the staff to see how creatively the problem is tackled. The heads or the superiors are not involved and do not intervene unless the solution to be provided is beyond the staff. As such there is minimal intervention. At the same time guidance is provide by the superiors when required. The staff is free to seek information as and when required. Also, the staff is free to tackle complex tasks on its own, even where superior guidance is required. At the same time, the staff is also free to develop new skills on its own. All these self management practices prove to be a motivating factor for the personnel. Since the staff can creatively tackle the queries, they are motivated to do better each time. Similarly minimal intervention by the heads makes them feel trusted and competent. At the same time the opportunity to develop new skills satisfies there internal urge for education. As pointed out below, "Self-managing employees require less oversight, so they improve productivity by reducing the need for continuous supervision. But that's just the beginning. By seeking out opportunities for growth and professional development, self-managing employees foster an environment of creative problem-solving, innovation, and personal accountability that strengthens the organization's strategic advantage. Although you can't train your employees to manage themselves, you can cultivate an environment conducive to self-management through support, recognition, and rewards for employees who take initiative and exhibit self-discipline" (Shauf, 2007). However, there is one practice that works against the motivational element. That is, the principal duties of the staff are segregated. The personnel handling the client queries are prevented from carrying out the back operations of the organization. As such even if a member of the staff is knowledgeable about both the functions of the department, he is not allowed to exercise his opinion. This sometimes makes some members of the staff distrusted. This necessarily works against intrinsic motivation for the job. Similarly, as far as hiring of new members is concerned, the heads or the staff is only partially consulted. They do not have a final say in hiring the staff. This is also an important element where the personnel feel unworthy. Rewards and Motivation "Jack Zigon defines rewards as 'something than increases the frequency of an employee action' (1998). This definition points to an obvious

Discuss leadership and leadership styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discuss leadership and leadership styles - Essay Example This leads to complexity and diversity of leadership and its styles. Leadership definitions have been attributed to well known personality traits wherein, styles of leadership evolves through practicing and blending leadership techniques in various combination. However, managing human and material resources to achieve the organizational objectives remains the prime measure in gauging the worth of a leadership. But this trend of leadership assessment has undergone a major change in the recent past and now instead of looking for some specific qualities of leadership in leaders, leaders are judge by their own specific styles. â€Å"As leadership theory developed, researchers moved away from studying what traits the leader had and placed emphasis on what he or she did --- the leader’s style of leadership† (Marquis & Huston, 2009). The diversity and depth in leadership styles has abstained researchers from reaching a unanimous classification of leadership styles. However som e recurring styles that have emerged and deliberated since long, may qualify for standard leadership styles in nursing. These styles may include Authentic, Servant, Transformational, Charismatic, Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire, Bureaucratic leadership style etc.

Literature Review About IPS And IDS Computer Science Essay

Literature Review About IPS And IDS Computer Science Essay In this chapter is to provide the study and review about Intrusion Detection System and Intrusion Prevention System which have done by expert and professor. According to (Tony Bradley, 2004), intrusion detection system (IDS) is to monitor traffic and monitor for suspicious activity. And it will give alerts to network administrator and the system. And IDS also will respond to malicious traffic by taking action to block the user or the IP address from accessing to the network. According to (Ameya Talwalkar, Symantec Manager of Intrusion Prevention Systems), Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is a protection technology to provide security of the network. It is the front line to defence against malware, Trojans, Dos attacks, malicious code transmission, backdoor activity and blended threats. The next section will present the details of Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). Figure 1.1 is the flowchart of the key points in literature review about IPS and IDS. What is IPS What is IDS Literature review What is HIDS What is HIPS What is NIPS What is NIDS Identify Pros Cons Which are better to prevent threats Figure 1.1: Classifying the literature review 2.2 Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) There are some benefits have been justified Intrusion Prevention System as a breakthrough in the computer security. According to (Neil Desai, 2003), the main supporting idea on technical side of Intrusion Prevention System is inline network-based system. Besides that, there also have another variation of IPS which is called Layer 7 switches that have include detection and migration of Distributed Denial-if-Service attack (DDoS) and Denial-of-Service attack (DoS) based on awareness of the traffic. Every Intrusion Prevention System will generate alert based on policy or signature and they also will initiate a response which have been programmed into the system. These aleart will happen as a result for a signature match or violation of uniqueness. Secondly, according to (Benjamin Tomhave, 2004) there have a reports have identifies most of the Intrusion Detection System also have been include Intrusion Prevention System capabilities. It given a good defines set of signature or policies. So it makes sense for Intrusion Detection System work with Intrusion Prevention System capabilities. At the end, a successful deployment and the return on the investment will directly relate to how well to manage the solution and how well the network has been design. Thirdly, according to (Joel Esler, Andrew R.Baker, 2007) stated that Intrusion Prevention System are more in defence. It has been design to detect malicious packets inside the normal traffic and stop intrusions dead. And automatically block all the unwanted traffic before it bring any damage to the system rather than giving alert before or after the malicious packets have been delivered. Fourthly, Intrusion Prevention System has been added to existing firewall and antivirus solution. According to (Karen Scarfone, Peter Mell, 2007) Intrusion Prevention System is to monitor traffic and automatically drop the packets which has included malicious, scrutinizing suspicious sessions or taking other actions in immediate real time response to an attack. A good Intrusion Prevention device will check all inbound and outbound traffic. It can check on all types of packets and performs many type of detection analysis, which is a not only individual packet. It also needs to check on traffic pattern, view each of the transaction in the context of the packets come before and after. Lastly, Intrusion Prevention System product should take the advantages and implement some new detection technique and offer other type of intervention method. According to (Joel Esler, Andrew R.Baker, 2007) Intrusion Prevention System products should provide multiple modes of operation for user to choose, so they can become more confident in the product or change their network security policies. There are two types of ISP which are HIPS and NIPS. Host-based Intrusion Prevention (HIPS) is an application which monitors a single host for suspicious activity. Network-based Intrusion Prevention (NIPS) is to analyze protocol activity on the entire network. The next section will discusses about HIPS and NIPS. 2.2.1 Host-based Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS) According to (Dinesh Sequeira, 2002), Host-based Intrusion Prevention System is a software program install on individual system such as laptop, workstations or servers. When it detected an attack, the Host-based Intrusion Prevention System will block the attack at network interface level or tell the application or operating system to prevent the attack. Secondly, according to (NSS Group, 2004) Host-based Intrusion Prevention Systems relies on agents installed directly on the system being protected. Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems are binds closely with the operating system kernel and services, monitoring and intercepting system calls to the kernel or APIs in order to prevent attacks as well as records them. It may also monitor data streams and the environment specific to a particular application (file locations and Registry settings for a Web server) in order to protect these applications from generic attacks which signature has not yet exists in the database. Lastly, according to (Neil Desai, 2003) Host-based Intrusion Prevention Systems are used to protect both servers and workstations through software that runs between the systems applications and OS kernel. The software can be reconfigured to determine the protection rules based on intrusion and attack signatures. The Host-based Intrusion Prevention Systems will catch suspicious activity on the system and then, depending on the predefined rules, it will either block or allow the event to happen. At the next section, we will discuss about Network-based Intrusion Prevention (NIPS) and intrusion detection system (IDS). 2.2.2 Network-based Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS) Network Intrusion Prevention Systems (NIPS) are totally operating on a different concept which serves the purpose to build hardware or software platforms that are designed to analyze, detect, and report on security related events. Network Intrusion Prevention Systems are designed to inspect traffic and based on their configuration or security policy, they can drop malicious traffic as well as prevent the network from being contaminated with malicious data such as virus and worms. Network-based Intrusion Protection System able to detect malicious packets which are design to overlook by firewall filtering rules. Intrusion Prevent System is not a replacement for firewall but it is one part in the intelligent firewall. It is used to increase system specific or network wide security. The advantages of Network-based Intrusion Prevention System discussed as follows: NIPS reduce Constant Monitoring NIPS is an inline network device NIPS perform deep packet inspection NIPS as a tool to prevent attacks Tony Bradley, (2004), [Online] http://netsecurity.about.com/cs/hackertools/a/aa030504.htm [Accessed 5th March 2004] Jonathan Hassell, (2005), [Online] http://searchenterprisedesktop.techtarget.com/news/column/0,294698,sid192_gci1089830,00.html [Accessed 19th May 2005] Neil Desai, (2003), [Online] http://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/intrusion-prevention-systems-next-step-evolution-ids [Accessed 27th February 2003] Benjamin Tomhave, (2004), [Online] http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:ZlxT5m72JZwJ:falcon.secureconsulting.net/papers/218-Research-Paper-FINAL.pdf+Benjamin+Tomhave+2004+IPS+articlehl=engl=mypid=blsrcid=ADGEEShEwpU07d-WvGPhlP3rIASlIyrH0CbGBjGBseUptTNHYRFqaApljgqESo9QEftMQHf3CApOji91saq_gEj-ZlLMXx3aPBS6SckaoJrzVwPiZBwTQ6gcpoHaH0ER-l4_ygilLw9asig=AHIEtbS-NuLUg635h_DHoKW8qafXwRwJUw [Accessed 10th November 2004] Joel Esler, Andrew R.Baker, (2007), Snort IDS and IPS Toolkit, [Online] http://books.google.com.my/books?id=M9plZZxJB_UCpg=PR3dq=Snort+IDS+and+IPS+Toolkit:+IDS+and+IPS+toolkithl=enei=_yDETK7iDM34cYK6la4Fsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-preview-linkresnum=2ved=0CDYQuwUwAQ#v=onepageq=Snort%20IDS%20and%20IPS%20Toolkit%3A%20IDS%20and%20IPS%20toolkitf=false [Accessed 1st February 2007) Karen Scarfone, Peter Mell, (2007), Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) , [Online] http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-94/SP800-94.pdf [Accessed February 2007] NSS Group, (2004), Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), [Online] http://hosteddocs.ittoolbox.com/BW013004.pdf [Accessed January 2004] Dinesh Sequeira (2002), Intrusion Prevention System à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Securityà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Silver Bullet?, [Online] http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:OK14t-hsmQAJ:www.sans.org/reading_room/papers/%3Fid%3D366+Intrusion+Prevention+Systems:+Security%27s+Silver+Bullet%3Fhl=engl=mypid=blsrcid=ADGEEShhB2J1ArllgI1mGNhp91RCpNpSf0t7BGUQtWPwmISpe3xmaTI0ym-Bh0Thlq2Gmoq9K6vRKN7xBKphn_fwCgUFaPej_NetBAPccgZXY0wSVyFAlLzsNkMwZjqSdn4XEdxAybctsig=AHIEtbQqUFej4tL8ln14oplPfky7GGstMA [Accessed 2002]

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man :: Portrait Artist Young Man

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man    The mind wanders, on occasion, through many processions of thought. When at the beginning of this text, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce, I found it difficult to follow young Stephen's meandering thoughts with any semblance of comprehension until I finished reading the novel. I then began to research the novel and Joyce and realized the significance of these seemingly random thoughts. These are the thoughts of a budding artist in infancy.    As Stephen matured, so did his thoughts. His struggle with self is central to understanding the novel. Without any indication of any other person's thoughts, Stephen's thoughts provoke our own to fill in where Joyce left the narrative blank. His struggle with self deals with religion, sin, sexuality, and prudence. Courage may be added to this list, but to a lesser extent. Stephen feels it is sufficient to hide and keep silent more than to stand on a soapbox and say what he thinks to a crowd.    Many of his mannerisms are learned responses from earlier dealings with schoolmates and family. In Chapter 1, line 30, Stephen hides when he is in trouble for something unknown to the reader. He hides his emotions on lines 81 and 82 of chapter 1 when his mother is crying as she leaves him at school. He attempts to hide his shame, on lines 259-265 in the same chapter, at not knowing the correct answer between kissing his mother or not doing so.    These learned responses of defense are somewhat, but not completely ignored when his thoughts begin to mature and he forms his own philosophy of what is beautiful through the study of others (Chapter 5, Lines 1161-1469). He speaks openly, to Lynch at least, about what beauty is and what art is. Later, also in Chapter 5, he speaks openly to Cranly about religion and his lack of belief therein. He believes that Cranly is friend enough not to tell others that Stephen is, what might have been considered, a heretic.

Comparing Shakespeares Sonnet 18 with To his Coy Mistress by Andrew Ma

Comparing Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 with To his Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell I will be comparing two poems, ‘Shall I Compare Thee†¦?’ with ‘To His Coy Mistress’, I will examine the purposes of each poem and the techniques used by the two poets to convey ideas and to achieve purposes. Sonnet 18 was written by William’s Shakespeare between 1564 and 1616. The poem ‘To his Coy Mistress’ was written by Andrew Marvell. The Purposes of the two poems are different, the purpose of Sonnet 18 is for Shakespeare to write this poem for a girl or woman he likes, to praise her by comparing her to wonderful things in life, such a Summer, also to grant her immortality through lines of the poem; meaning as long as the poem will exist and be read, the girl (who the poem is to) will continue to exist. Shakespeare therefore does not want anything from the girl in the poem. The purpose and central message of ‘To His Coy Mistress’ is about a man wanting to have sex with a woman he likes and trying to persuade the woman to loose her virginity to him because time is running out. Therefore we recognise that Marvell wants something from the woman in the poem this makes the poem more argumentative. The titles of the two poems, gives an insight of what the poem is about, ‘Shall I Compare Thee†¦?’, this tells the reader that the poem is addressed to someone, this may make the poem more interesting to read and ‘To His Coy Mistress’ meaning ‘To His Girl’, this tells us that Marvell has addressed the poem to a specific girl or woman. Throughout the poem ‘To His Coy Mistress’, Marvell uses time and space to persuade the girl to have sex with him. Marvell also relates death to having sex, he uses words such as ‘Grave’, ‘ashes’, ‘du... ...he poem ‘To his Coy Mistress’ there are Rhyming couplets, but there are few syllable Patterns, for example the first four lines; line one has eight syllables; line two has seven syllables; line three has eight syllables and line four has seven syllables. The sound and Rhythm of the two poems contrast. Sonnet 18 sound and rhythm is slow, calm, and soothing, whilst THCM is speedy, aggressive and frantic. There is repetition used in Sonnet 18 in line two; ‘Thou art more lovely and more temperate’ , the repetition emphasises on how much better a Summer’s day is. I think that Sonnet 18, has many persuasive techniques and tactics to add effect to the purpose of the poem, however I think that the poem ‘To his Coy Mistress’ has more techniques, tactics, themes, Imagery, Symbolism and better Structure, it was therefore easier to achieve it’s purposes.

Advertisement Is Manipulation

Advertising: Information or Manipulation? (Argumentative essay) [pic]Advertising is a way of getting a product or an idea to the general public to advertise the positive aspects of it. Advertising is a good way of  persuading  the people to purchase a product or believe in an idea that the advertisement presents. Advertising has many forms. They come in  propaganda or in mass media. (Television commercials) Traditional advertising is meant for  persuasion and is made to give off positive aspects (information) about a object or specifically a product to make them purchase or believe in the ideas that the  advertisement provides.This is not true present day. The present day advertisement evolved and now brainwashes the people to buy or believe in the things in the advertisement. Advertisement is made for persuasion but people have used this tool to actually control the thoughts of many people. For example, subliminal messages are contained in many different advertisements ava ilable today. Subliminal messages are very unethical. These messages are hidden in words or drawings to control the people. Subliminal messaging is one unethical way of advertising.Following ethics decides whether the ad is made for information or manipulation. If the ad contains unethical ways of persuasion then it is made for manipulation. The quote â€Å"if we follow ethics we face negative consequences† explains the ads that are available today. Many companies threw ethics out of the window. following ethics means less sales and less effectiveness. For the huge benefit they crave, they threw ethics and joined the dark side. Now advertisement are  solely  made to persuade people to pay more money than the actual cost of the product or an idea.These ads (most of them today) are mainly legal scams pasted in the window of your nearby super market. Is advertising the definitive way to make us informed in our daily decision making or is it just an exceptionally authoritativ e kind of mass deception that companies use to persuade their consumers and prospects into buying their services or products that they (buyers) do not need? In the global market, consumers have been exposed to ever ever-increasing amounts of advertising message.Consequently, the openings geared towards advertisement by firms have been on the rise to make sure that the buyers get the information. The paper presented here will carefully examine whether advertising is aimed at provision of information to the general   public and passing useful information to the customers or just to manipulate them and lure them into buying. Advertising can be used interchangeably with the word marketing. Talking of marketing draws our minds initially to money, services, goods and more importantly consumers.The role of advertising should be to help the society and the public at large through adequately correctly providing information concerning services and products that are produced. Advertising is a kind of communication that is untended to persuade people; readers, viewers and listeners to take some action. Another definition of advertisement as described by various researchers is; the non- personal communication of information concerning products, ideas or services in a normally persuasive way which is paid for by the sponsors and passed on through various mass media.On the other hand, the term manipulation has a meaning of giving malicious/ false information on a particular issue with an intention of achieving ones objectives. Manipulation basically makes use of lies to bring about benefits. There is a risk here though as if all the companies engage in spreading lies or false information about there products, the consumers will discover the truth and eventually the companies’ integrity in the eyes of the people will be lost, a fact that makes them to be extra smart in their manipulation undertakings.Advertising can be categorized into two throughout this research. O ne category is the innocent way of giving information to customers concerning a given product or service while facing them. There is a second category of that has a manipulative outcome on people. In all circumstances, people exposed to one or another kind of advertisement are driven in to purchasing products purchasing they may not really have needed. This is the image of manipulation in advertisement that makes consumers more commodity fetishists.

Management information system Introduction

IntroductionThe nature of implementation failure in information systems can typically range from project scenario development to final implementation.  The implementation failures range from concept generation stage where the idea is conceived, to defining budgets, software modifications and use of external consultants carefully.  The following sections describe the factors which directly or indirectly influences the system implementation failure.The implementation failure of an information system largely depends on the system project itself and the various external and internal factors which influences its existence and self being (Heeks, 2002). The various aspects which can be attributed for implementation failures are the following:1.  Ã‚   Top management leadership issues: The participation and interest of the higher management in getting the system implemented well through the initiation phases. The degree of ownership is largely lacking when it comes to active participati on and commitment.a.   Business case development failure: The commitment of higher management towards answering the business workflow model questions and simplifying the flow of their business is largely lacking. The amount of passion and determination impact the failure of the implementation.Solution: Defining the events of requirements gathering in terms of business words such as time, effort and money would make them aware of the implementation issues and their contribution in successful development of the system.b.   Lack of focus and involvement: After the system development project is provided to a vendor, it is usually taken for granted that the responsibilities of the top management is finished at that point and the vendor is completely responsible for getting across the ideas and come up with a deliverable.  Solution: Understanding the systems development process which solely involves the business flow model and their active participation.c.    Lack of proper metric s to determine performance:   Often the value added resources in the organization has an undefined cost associated with it. The cost of quality, inventory levels, throughput and flow, overall equipment effectiveness, on-time deliveries and customer satisfaction measures must be translated into time and cost.  Solution: Appropriate attachment of value to intangible resources in an organization must be done at all levels.2.  Ã‚   People issues:   The change management issues of people in an organization are quite responsible for implementation failures.a.  Ã‚   Averse towards change: The primary factor is the minds of people for whom the technology is implemented. If they are not able to take the change in a positive manner in affecting their working habits, the system would be rendered useless (Casey, 2005).Solution: Accepting the real world or digital challenges by the people to understand the positive challenges concerned with system output and employee output. The amount of long term success which a system would guarantee is unknowingly outstanding to organization.b.  Ã‚   Low Trust in system: The output level of the organization’s processes after the implementation of the system is taken as a probable issue and accounts for its failure.Solution: System must be operated in right spirit for its well being and use.3.  Ã‚   Deployment methods:a.  Ã‚   Weak deployment strategies: The strategies which are enforced in deploying the system in the organization is challenging to the general working of the present system. The correct ascertainment and the management perspective to the process for implementation and deployment of the system in the organization would be an important element in its success. The phased implementation seems to be always the best; however an information system and the associated organization must be well synchronized to implement the change.Solution: Determination by the software vendor in collaboration with the highe r management for deployment is a big issue which requires experience and commitmentb.  Ã‚   Lack of documentation and training:   The lack of documentation would result in mismanagement of information and project related activities. The lack of training would make the employees feel uncomfortable to the systems operations and functions (Laudon, 2002).  Solution : Proper attention to documentation and training must be taken care.ConclusionThe implementation failures rest on the shoulders of both the organization and the software vendor. Enough collaboration and positive differential thinking on both ends would result in making the right moves for implementation and reduce system failures.References / BibliographyCasey, Dermot (2005). Understanding the Situation ofInformation Systems Development Failure: A role for Pragmatism.Heeks, Richard (2002). Failure, Success and ImprovisationOf Information Systems Projects in Developing Countries.Laudon C. Kenneth and Jane P. Laudon (2002 ),Management Information System, 6th ed New York: Tata McGraw Hill.